A : Aluminium conductor in general
A : National Cable Type (Harmonised coding- Europe)
A : Amper
ABS : Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene
ABS/PC Blend : Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene/Polycarbonate Blend
Aerial cable : A cable suspended in the air on poles or other overhead structures
ACRS : Steel reinforced Aluminum conductor. Aluminum wires concentric-lay-stranded around a steelwire (galvanized) core. Used for high voltage cross-country transmission lines.
Al: Aluminium Wire
Alloy: A metal mix of two or more metals.
Annealed wire: Wire which has been softened by heating and gradually cooling. Also called soft drawn wire.
Annular Conductor: An annular conductor consists of a number of wires stranded in three reverse concentric layers around a saturated hemp core.
Antioxidant: A chemical substance which prevents or slows down oxidation of material exposed to air.
ANSI: American National Standards Institute go to webpage
Armour (armor): A metallic sheathing or covering for the purpose of mechanical protection. It can be braid or spiral layer of steel wire only or steel wire with steel tape over it according to applied standard. In general armouring layer would go over cable core under final jacketing.
ASA: Acrylonitrile Styrene Acrylate
ASME: American Society of Mechanical Engineers.
ASTM: American Society for Testing and Materials
Attenuation: The loss of power or signal in a circuit, generally expressed in decibels (dB) per unit length.
Attn.: Abbreviation for Attenuation
AWM: Designation for appliance wiring material
AWG: American Wire Gauge. System that classifies copper wire. Common used to refer LAN cable sizes (CAT5e, CAT6, etc.) around the world.
B: EthylenePropylene Rubber as insulation or jacket material.(Harmonised coding- Europe)
B: On the label or marking symbols to cables has Braiding . UL - General wiring
BALCO® : An alloy of 70% nickel and 30% iron. It is used in devices where self-regulation by temperature is required. Wilbur Driver Company trademark for a resistance wire.1
Band Marking: A circular band applied at regular intervals to the insulation of a conductor for the purpose of color coding or circuit identification.1
Bare Conductor: A conductor wire that has not been insulated or screened of any kind.1
BASEC: British Approvals Service for Cables. Visit Basec website
BCCS: Bare Copper clad steel wire (also see CCS)
Bd: At the end of coding/marking of a data transmission cables. Indicates cores are stranded in star quad first then bundled to form a group. Generally printed as "XXXXX...Bd". (VDE)
BDC: Bulgarian Standards
Bell Wire: Common term for wire primarily used for making doorbell and thermostat connections.1 It is also common to use bell wire as blasting wire
Bending loss: In a fiber optic system a form of increased attenuation caused by: a) Having the fiber curved around a restrictive radius of curvature; or b) Micro bends caused by minute distortions in the fiber imposed by externally induced disturbances. Excessive bending loss may result from poor drawing or cable manufacturing technique.1
Bending Radius: Radius of curvature around which a cable is bent. Common that standards and producers set a minimum bending radius without any harm to the cable.
Bi-Metal: A metal that 2 metal combined together ( CCA, CCS etc,,)
Blasting wire: Wire used for detonating explosives. It is usually a very inexpensively constructed wire.1
Blind core: A string that is made of insulating material placed as core in order to maintain circular homogenous external shape.
Braid: A fibrous or metallic group of filaments interwoven in cylindrical form to form a covering over one or more wires. It can be made of materials such as cotton, glass, nylon, or copper,aluminium,steel fibers. Usually fibrous braid is saturated with an impregnant to protect it against moisture and fraying.1
Braid Angle: The angle that is formed at each braid intersection by woven filaments to the axis of cable. Smaller angle means larger coverage ratio and smaller lay length. On the other hand larger angle means lower coverage ratio and longer lay length.
Braided Wire: Woven bare or tinned copper wire used as shielding for wires, cables, and ground wire for batteries or heavy industrial equipment. There are many different types of constructions.1
Building Wire: General term for indoor cables that installed in commercial or residental buildings. Used for lighting fixtures and power lines.
Buna Rubber: Synthetic rubber used as a replacement for natural rubber.1
Buncher stranding: A conductor in which all individual wires are twisted in the same direction without a predetermined pattern. See double-twist buncher
Burial Cable: A cable installed directly in the earth without use of an underground conduit. Also called “direct burial cable.”1
BUS: A communication system that transfers data between components or electronic devices
BUS BAR: A conductor, often a heavy strap or bar, used to make a common connection between several circuits.1
Butyl: Used for any of various synthetic rubbers made by polymerizing isobutylene.1
BX: A very common type of armored building wire in various configurations, rated at 600 volt.(UL)
-C: Copper Braiding
C4: Copper wire braiding -Harmonised coding- Europe
CAB: Cellulose Acetate Butyrate
CANBUS: Abbreviation for "Controller Area Network Bus"
CATV: Common Antenna Television. Also known as Common access TV.
Category 1: Also known as CAT 1. Unshielded twisted pair indoor cable designed for voice grade telephone wiring. (TIA/EIA)
Category 2: Also known as CAT 2. Unshielded twisted pair indoor cable designed for telephone and data transmission. Data transmission is possible up to 4 Mbit/s.( TIA/EIA)
Category 3: Also known as CAT3. Unshielded twisted pair voice grade indoor telephone wire. Designed to reliably carry data up to 10 Mbit/s. It was very common used in Local area networks in 90's. ( TIA/EIA )
Category 4: Also known as CAT4. 4 pairs telephone and data cable that supports signals up to 20MHz unshielded twisted pair (UTP) copper wires supporting signals up to 20 MHz. Used in networks which can transmit voice and data up to 16 Mbit/s. ( TIA/EIA )
Category 5: CAT5 was the most common data transmission cable used in LAN's until enhanced version CAT5e is released. Various types shielded or unshielded ( UTP , FTP, S/FTP. etc ). It can be produced for indoor, outdoor, aerial. Can carry signals up to 100MHz ( TIA/EIA ). Coding Category 5 and higher LAN Types could be confusing . Letters that before "/" defines application to overall cable. Letters that following "/" defines pairs.
A few samples :
UTP : Unshielded Twisted Pairs
F/ UTP : Overall foil screen. / Unshielded Twisted Pairs
F/FTP : Overall foil screen. / Twisted Pairs with Foil screen ( PIMF version )
S/FTP : Overall shield ( usually braiding of tinned copper wire ) / Twisted Pairs with Foil screen ( PIMF version )
Category 5e: Enhanced version of CAT5. Can carry signals up to 100MHz. Difference is that CAT5e supports full-duplex Fast ethernet and Gigabit ethernet. Also various types possible same as CAT5.
Category 6a: Augmented CAT6. Data transmission rate is up to 500MHz. with improved crosstalk specification. The fastest ethernet cable that is standard and recognized by both EIA and TIA standards.
Category 6e: Eventhough some producers offer CAT6e as if it was enhanced version of CAT6 ( same as CAT5 and CAT5e), it is not recognized by any standard organization.
Category 7: Individually shielded ( screened) 4 pairs data transmission cable. In other words PIMF ( pairs in metal foil) version of CAT5e. CAT7 is only recognized by ISO but not by TIA. It has better cross talk values than CAT6a thanks to its' individual screen over each pair.
Category 8: Next generation of LAN cabling yet to come.
CCA: Copper clad Aluminium wire. Bi-metal wire which is combination of Aluminium and Copper. Aluminium as core and copper claded over it. Definitely lighter and cheaper than pure copper. Stronger than Aluminium. CCA was a replacement for Aluminium wire in power distribution. By using CCA instead one can overcome Connection point problems where Aluminium wire is weak. Light weight and cost effective Aluminium was enhanced when combined with good electrical properties of copper.
CCAM: Copper Clad Aluminium+Magnesium wire. Offers same capabilities of CCA wire. In addition higher tensile strength.
CCS: Short for Copper clad Steel wire. Good mechanical properties of steel , specially tensile strength, combined with good electrical properties of copper. Plus, corrosion problem of steel wire is covered with copper. In some segments of cable production what is exactly needed. Steel wire still has high electric resistance which makes CCS wire not suitable for power transmission. Case of RF signal transmitting and also high frequency data signal transmission has different scenario. Skin Effect takes the lead and makes CCS wire as good as solid copper. high impedance values of steel wire and in contrast low impedance values of copper triggers the skin effect where high frequency signals use only the surface of the conductor.
CCTV: Closed Circuit Television.
CDDI: Cable Distributed Data interface
CEBEC: "Comité Electrotechnique Belge". Belgian certification and testing body for electric materials.
Cellular Polyethylene : Expanded or “foam” polyethylene consisting of individual closed cells suspended in a polyethylene medium.1 Foaming PE can be done chemical or physical ( also known as Gas injected ). Chemically foamed PE : Easy to apply but size of expanded cells are not homogenous therefore dielectric parameter and capacitance of insulation is not reliable. Physical Foaming : Requires special addition to extruder for gas injection. Homogenous cell size improves dielectricity and capacitance values. Commonly used in Coaxial cables.
CENELEC: European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization.
Certificate of Compliance: A certificate which is normally generated by a quality control department which shows that the product being shipped meets the customer’s specifications. Abbreviation C of C, sometimes referred to as CERTS.1
Characteristics Impedance: a) The impedance that when connected to the output terminals of a transmission line of any length, makes the line appear infinitely long. b) The ratio of voltage to current at every point along a transmission line on which there are no standing waves1
Chemically Cured Compound: Those compounds which are cured by chemical process rather than by heat and pressure.1
CHLOROPRENE: A colorless liquid C4H5Cl. Abbreviated as chloro.
CHROMEL®-ALUMEL® : The alloy used in making Chromel-Alumel® thermocouple wires. Chromel® is an alloy of nickel and chrome plus nine other elements. Alumel® is an alloy containing nickel, manganese, aluminum, silicon, and nine other elements. Chromel® is nonmagnetic; Alumel® is highly magnetic. Chromel® and Alumel® are trademarks of the Hoskins Mfg. Co.
CL2: Abbreviation for Class 2 cable.
CL2P: Abbreviation for Class 2 plenum cable.
CL2R: Abbreviation for Class 2 riser cable.1,
CL2X: Abbreviation for Class 2 cable, limited residentail use.
CL3: Abbreviation for Class 3 cable.1
CL3P: Abbreviation for Class 3 plenum cable.
CL3R: Abbreviation for Class 3 riser cable.1
CL3X: Abbreviation for Class 3 cable, limited residentail use.
Cladding: A method of applying a layer of metal over another metal whereby the junction of the two metals is continuously welded.1
Class 5: Flexible conductor ,Class 5 is geometric stranded fine strands of copper wire for flexible cable applications. Home appliances and hook-up wires produced with Class 5 copper.
Class 6: Extra-flexible conductor. Class 6 is geometric stranded fine strands of copper wire for flexible cable applications. Used for cables that requires very high flexibility ( welding cables , converyor and conveyor cables.
Cleaving: The process of separating an optical fiber by a controlled fracture of the glass, for the purpose of obtaining a fiber end, which is flat, smooth, and perpendicular to the fiber axis1
CMP: Abbreviation for communication plenum cable.1
CMR: Abbreviation for communication riser cable.1
CMX: Abbreviation for communication cable, limited residential use.
Coating: A material applied to the surface of a conductor to prevent environmental deterioration, facilitate soldering, or improve electrical performance.1
Coaxial Cable: A cable in which one conductor completely surrounds the other, the two being coaxial and separated by a continuous solid dielectric or by dielectric spacers. When the outside conductor is grounded, the inside conductor is not susceptible to external fields from outside sources. Commonly called coax.
Cold Bend: Generally refers to a test to determine cable or wire characteristics at low temperatures. The test specimen and a specified mandrel are cooled in a low temperature box to the specified temperature. The wire specimen is then wound around the mandrel after which it is examined for cracks or other defects caused by bending at low temperatures.1
Cold Flow: Permanent deformation of the insulation due to mechanical force or pressure (not due to heat softening). 1
COLD TEST: Tests performed on cables to check their performance at a specified low temperature as outlined in various specifications. 1
COLOR CODE: Color code is the use of different colored insulated wires for purposes of identification in a multi-conductor cable.1
Compacted conductor: A stranded conductor that is rolled to deform round conductors to fill gaps in between in order to realize smaller stranded diameter. Common for Class II wire stranding. Outcome wire would be stiffer than standard stranded wire.
COMPOSITE CABLE: A cable consisting of two or more different types or sizes of wire and/or cable.1
COMPOUND: An insulating or jacketing material made by the chemical union of two or more ingredients.1
CONCENTRIC CONDUCTOR: A single conductor composed of a central core surrounded by one or more helically laid wires. Each of these succeeding layers is applied with an opposite direction twist. The number of wires laid up the center wire is six, and each succeeding layer consists of six additional wires so that the number of wires in the strands are 7, 19, 37,61, etc. 1
CONCENTRIC STRANDING: A central wire or core surrounded by one or more layers of helically wound strands in a fixed round geometric arrangement. Generally each layer, after the first, has six more strands than the preceding layer and is applied in a direction opposite to that of the layer under it. 1
CONCENTRICITY: In a wire or cable, the measurement of the location of the center of the conductor with respect to the geometric center of the surrounding insulation.1
CONSTANTAN : An alloy of 55% copper and 45% nickel used in thermocouple with copper in the temperature range of 169° C to 386° C. Temperature coefficient of electrical resistivity, 0.0002 / ° C. 1
Continuous Vulcanization: The process of extruding on a wire, under high pressure and heat, a uniform seamless, close-fitting tube of a rubber or rubberlike compound. The covered wire then continues into a vulcanizing chamber, where, under high pressure and temperature, the insulation or jacket is vulcanized continuously rather than in sections. Abbreviated as CV.1
CONTROL CABLE: A cable used for remote control operation of any type of electrical power equipment.1
COPO: Abbreviation for copolene. See copolene. 1
COPOLENE: Copolene is a dielectric material used in manufacturing coaxial cable. Developed as a substitute for polystyrene, it is composed of polystyrene and polyisobutlyene. Since it has undesirable characteristics, it has been replaced by polyethylene. Abbreviated as copo.1
COPOLYMER: A compound resulting from the polymerization of two different monomers.1
COPPER CONSTANTAN: Copper and constantan are two materials used in making thermocouple wires. The copper is the positive wire and the constantan is the negative wire.1
CORD: A small, flexible insulated conductor or conductors, usual 10 AWG or smaller and not more than four conductors, jacketed to protect the conductors, and most often used for portable applications. 1
CORD SETS: Portable cords fitted with any type of wiring device at one or both ends.1
CORE: Insulated conductor in a cable or bundle of insulated conductors in a multi-core cable.
CORONA: Ionization of air surrounding a conductor caused by the influence of high voltage. 1
COVERAGE: The percent of completeness with which a metal braid covers the underlying surface.
CPC: Abbreviation for copper polyester copper laminate.
CPE: Abbreviation for chlorinated polyethylene, a conductive polyethylene.1 It can be used as solely insulating material as well as improving substance to PVC. CPE added PVC is has better tensile strength properties.
CPVC: Abbreviation for chlorinated polyvinylchloride. CPVC would give test results as rubber like material.1
CR: Abbreviation for chloroprene rubber. See Neoprene®. Neoprene® is a trademark of the DuPont de Nemours Co. 1
CRCS: Abbreviation for continuous rigid cable support, synonymous with tray.
CROSS-LINKED: Intermolecular bonds between long chain thermoplastic polymers by means of chemical or electron bombardment. The properties of the resulting thermoplastic material are usually improved. Abbreviation XL1 ( XLPE : cross linked Polyethylene). There are various cross linking technology , Dry silane is the most common technic. Cross linked insulation requires vulcanization after being extruded.
CROSS TALK: Signal interference due to cross coupling between nearby conductors producing an unwanted signal in one circuit when a signal is present in the other. A phenomenon usually due to induction. 1 Defines quality of control and data transmission cables.
CSA: Canadian Standards Association.
CSPE: Abbreviation for chlorosulfonated polyethylene. Also abbreviated as CP. See Hypalon®. Hypalon® is a trademark of the DuPont de Nemours Co.1 .
CURRENT CARRYING CAPACITY: The maximum current an insulated conductor can continuously carry without exceeding its insulation and jacket temperature limitations. Also called ampacity.1 Current carrying capacity of a wire&cable would be different depending on installation type.
Cu: Copper
CV Line: An Extrusion line that has continuous vulcanization.
CX: Combination of Tungsten-5% Rhenium and Tungsten-25% Rhenium
CXTW: Twisted pair cord or single conductor for decorative lighting strings. UL -Flexible cord and cable marking.
D: Copper wrapping according to VDE
D: Fine strands of copper wire for welding cable. Harmonised coding
dB Loss: Loss of signal over a conductor, measured and shown in decibels.
DCR: Abbreviation for direct current resistance. The resistance offered by any circuit to the flow of direct current.1
Decibel: A unit used to express ratios of sound or signal power, defined by the following formula where n is the number of decibels.
n = 10 log 10 ( P2 / P1 )
Where P1 and P2 are the power levels. Since decibels represent a ratio, it is necessary to establish a reference level in order to indicate an absolute level. For sound, the reference level is a pressure of 0.0002 microbar.1
Degree Rise: The amount of increase in temperature caused by the introduction of electricity into a unit.1
D.E.H.P: See. D.O.P
D.E.H.T: See D.O.T.P
Delay Line: A conductor that is made of a specific material in a specific size and length that will permit the delay of an electrical impulse for a predetermined specific length of time. The delay is measured in microseconds or nanoseconds.
Density: The distribution of a quantity (as mass, electricity, or energy) per unit, usually of space.
DEMKO: Abbreviation for "Denmark Elektriske Materie Kontrol". Approval agency of Denmark.
Design Voltage: Voltage at which a cable is designed for maximum work.
D.I.D.P: Diisodecyl phthalate.
Plasticizer. DIDP is one of the largest-volume general-purpose
high-molecular-weight plasticizer.
D.I.D.P improves heat resistance of PVC.
DIELECT: Abbreviation for dielectric. See dielectric.
DIELECTRIC: Any insulating material that is a nonconductor of electricity. Abbreviated as dielect.
Dielectric Absorption: That property of an imperfect dielectric whereby there is an accumulation of electric charge within the body of the material when it is placed in an electric field.
Dielectric Constant: The factor by which the electric field strength in a vacuum exceeds that in the dielectric material for the same distribution of charge. It is also called as electric permittivity or simply permittivity. Symbol K.
| K | |
| Dry Air | 1,0 |
| PVC | 4,0 |
| Foam PE | 1,6 |
| Polypropylene | 2,1 |
Dielectric Loss: Energy dissipated as heat when the dielectric is placed in a varying electric field.
Dielectric Strength: The maximum potential gradient (volts per mil) a dielectric will stand without breaking down; the voltage stress required to puncture an insulation of known thickness (in volts per unit, usually volts per mil.)
DIN: Deutsches Institut für Normung (German Institute for Standardization)
D.I.N.P: Diisononyl phthalate. Plasticizer.
D.I.O.P: Diisooctyl phthalate. Plasticizer. DIOP is a minor use plasticizer found in a variety of consumer products. A member of High Molecular Weight Phthalate Esters (HMWPE). D.I.O.P is also considered as Dermal irritant.
DIR BUR: A Cable that is marked "DIR BUR" is direct burial cable.
Direct Burial Cable: A cable installed directly in the earth without use of an underground conduit. Also called "burial cable".
Direct Current: A direct current is one which flows in one direction. Further classifications of direct currents are: a) Continuous currents which are steady, non pulsating direct currents; b) Constant currents, which continue to flow for a considerable time in the same direction and with unvarying intensity; and c) Pulsating currents, which are regularly varying continuous currents.
DIRECTION OF LAY: The lateral direction in which the strands of a cable run over the top of the cable as they recede from you looking along the axis of the cable.
D.O.A: Dioctyl phthalate Adipate. Plasticizer. DOA is primary a plasticizer for PVC that provides exceptional cold resistance. Its superiority in compatibility with PVC, thermal stability, light stability and water resistance enables wide use in PVC films, wire coverings, garden hoses etc.2
D.O.P: Dioctyl phthalate.Plasticizer. Also called DEHP.Used in the production of flexible polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plastic. DOP is a general-purpose plasticizer and long-time industry standard known for its good stability to heat and ultraviolet light, and broad range of compatibility for use with PVC resins. On the other hand, DOP has been banned in many applications in USA and Europe.
D.O.T.P: Dioctyl Terephthalate.Plasticizer. Also called DEHT. D.O.T.P is general purpose plasticizer with good flexiblity. Most common replacement for D.I.N.P and D.O.P. Use of D.O.T.P has been increased since D.O.P is banned from many applications in EU and USA.
Double Shield: Two shields, one over the other. Common types are foil + metal braiding and metal braiding + metal braiding.
Drain Wire: An uninsulated solid or stranded conductor wire which is placed directly under a foil screen or shield. It touches the shield throughout the cable, and, therefore, may be used in terminating the shield to ground. A big labor saver in terminating all shielded cables. It is completely necessary on spiral shielded cables because it eliminates the possibility of induction in a spiral shield. 1
DRAWING: In wire manufacturing, pulling of metal through a die or series of dies to reduce diameter to a specific size. Read more
DROP CABLE: The transmission cable from main distribution channel to a dwelling. Common term used for CATV system where RG 6 Coaxial cable is most common drop cable.
DUCT: An underground or overhead tube for carrying electrical conductors. 1
DX: Combination of Tungsten-3% Rhenium and Tungsten-25% Rhenium.
E: As first letter in cable marking : Elevator cable. UL-Flexible Cord and cable ( For UL type cables )
E: After first letter in cable marking — Thermoplastic elastomer insulation and jacket. UL-Flexible Cord and cable
E: Polyethylene ( PE ) - Harmonised coding- Europe
E30: E30 marking indicates functionality of power and signal cables for minimum 30 minutes in case of fire. The functionality for 30 minutes means that fire alarm system, warning system, lifts with evecuation system, safety lighting, emergency lifts in hospitals etc. would be working properly to save lives in case of fire. Test method to DIN 4102 part 12.
E60: E60 marking indicates functionality of power and signal cables for minimum 60 minutes in case of fire. The functionality for 60 minutes means that fire alarm system, warning system, lifts with evecuation system, safety lighting, emergency lifts in hospitals etc. would be working properly to save lives in case of fire. Test method to DIN 4102 part 12.
E90: E90 marking indicates functionality of power and signal cables for minimum 90 minutes in case of fire. The functionality for 90 minutes means that fire alarm system, warning system, lifts with evecuation system, safety lighting, emergency lifts in hospitals etc. would be working properly to save lives in case of fire. Test method to DIN 4102 part 12.
EEA: Abbreviation for ethylene-ethyl acrylate copolymer.
EIA: Electronic Industries Alliance
EIB: Abbreviation for European Installation BUS. A communiation protocol to manage and control devices within a facility.
Elastomer: A rubber like substance that is used as incsulation or jacket material.
ELECTRICAL DUCT: Any electrical conduit or other raceway round in cross section, approved or listed for use underground, and embedded in earth or concrete.1
Elevator Cable: Referred as flat flexible cable that is used for elevators, escalator and conveyors. Common European type H05VVH6-F.
Elongation: The process of growing or increasing in length. Shown in ratio stating the percent elongation before and after pulling force applied until breaking point.
EMI: Electromagnetic Interference.
ENAMELED WIRE: A conductor with a baked-on varnish enamel. Intended for use in winding motors, coils, transformers, and other applications of similar usage.
EP: Abbreviation for ethylene propylene
EPDM: Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer Rubber
EPN: Abbreviation for extended performance network cable.
EPR: Ethylene Propylene copolymer Rubber.
ETFE: Ethylene Tetrafluoroethylene
Ethernet: Local Area Network structure
ETHYLENE: A colorless flammable gaseous unsaturated hydrocarbon C2H4 that is found in coal gas. It can be produced by pyrolysis of petroleum hydrocarbon.
ETL: ETL Stands for "Extract Transfrom Load". It is testing and verification body.
EXTRUDE: To shape (as metal or plastic) by forcing through a die.
EXTRUSION: The process of continuously forcing both a plastic or elastomer and a conductor core through a die, thereby applying a continuous coating of insulation or jacket to the core or conductor.1
EV: Electric Vehicle Cable. UL-Flexible Cord and cable
EVA: Ethylene vinyl acetate. Copolymer of Ethylne and Vinyl Acetate. Also known as "Poly" and abbreviated "PEVA".
EVOH : Ethylene Vinyl Alcohol
EX: Combination of Chromel and Constantan metals. (UL)
F: Fixture wire, standard stranding. UL- fixture wire marking.
F: Flat wire armouring
FF: Fixture wire, flexible stranding. UL-Fixture Wire marking
-F: Fine conductor.( flexiblle installation) VDE0271
-F2: At the end of cable marking ( example XVB-F2 ). Indicates it is a "flame retardent" cable. Used communication , telephone and power cables. (BELGIUM- CEBEC)
-F3: At the end of cable marking ( example SVV-F3 ). Indicates it is a "flame resistant" cable. Used in communication , telephone and power cables.(BELGIUM- CEBEC)
FEP: Fluorinated ethylene propylene insulation . UL - General wiring
FE180: Insulation integrity test against fire for 180 minutes. Test is done according to DIN VDE 0472 part 814 IEC 60331. A cable that is marked as "FE180" keeps circuit integrity under direct flame propagation during 180 minutes.
FHPE: Foam High Density Polyethylene
Filler: Extra Insulation layer underneath Jacket in order to get round shape for final jacketing. Multi-core cables. Also called "bedding".
FLAME RESISTANT: A cable that does not propagate flame as source of flame is removed. Testing is done with certain length of cable applied flame over for a certain time. Standards put a time limit and the length of cable that is burned.
FLAME RETARDANT: A cable that prevents or slow down the further development of combustion.
Flat conductor: Rectangular shape Conductor wire.
FLEXOPRENE® : Standard Wire & Cable Co. trademark for flexible, oil resistant portable cord and cable.
FR-1: UL Vertical flame test for wire and cable. Replaced by VW-1.
Frequency: Frequency is the rate at which current changes direction per second. It is measured in hertz (Hz), an international unit of measure where 1 hertz is equal to 1 cycle per second. Hertz (Hz) = One hertz is equal to one cycle per second. Cycle = One complete wave of alternating current or voltage.
FRHF: Short for "Flame retardent halogen Free"
FRPE: Flame Retardent Polyethylene
F/S: Foam Skin insulation. Skin of solid polyolefin ( common Polyethylene ) insulation over foam polyolefin.
FT-4: CSA designation for vertical tray flame test. 1
FT-6: CSA designation for plenum or MI flame test.1
Ft.: Feet
FTP: Foiled twisted pair ( ref. LAN cables)
G: Cable that has protective conductor (3g2,5). Harmonised coding- Europe
G: Grounding
G: Glass braid UL-Fixture Wire marking
G-GC cable: Cable that has a ground wire for each conductor and an additional ground check conductor. EPDM core insulation over flexible Cu wire conductor with a CPE overall jacket for oil and abrasion resistance. Type G and Type G cable is subject to UL 1581 flame test. Eventhough it is considered as mining cable, it can be used many different heavy-duty applications.
Gb: Galvanized Steel tape/band over armouring. VDE0271
G. Cable: Cable that has a ground wire for each conductor. EPDM core insulation over flexible Cu wire conductor with a CPE overall jacket for oil and abrasion resistance. Type G and Type G cable is subject to UL 1581 flame test. Eventhough it is considered as mining cable, it can be used in many different heavy-duty applications.
GHz: Short for gigahertz.
GIGAHERTZ: One billion (10 9 ) cycles per second. Symbol : GHz.
GOST: Russian Standards ( ГОСТ )
GRADED INDEX: In fiber optic cable the refractive index profile that varies with the radius of the core. The refractive indices decrease from the center axis out. The purpose is to reduce modal dispersion and thereby increase fiber bandwidth. 1
GROMMET: A flexible loop that serves as a fastening, support, or reinforcement; an eyelet of firm material to strengthen or protect an opening or to insulate or protect something passed through it. 1
GROUND: An object that makes an electrical connection with the earth; a large conducting body (as the earth) used as a common return for an electrical circuit and as an arbitrary zero potential; synonym for earth. 1
GROUND FAULT: Failure of transmission involving insulation to shield or insulation to ground wire.
GROUNDED NEUTRAL: The neutral wire is metallically connected to ground.
GRS: Abbreviation for Government Rubber Synthetic. This is a government standard for Buna-S rubber for jacketing and insulating compounds for military wires and cables. 1 (UL)
GS: Abbreviation for galvanized steel. (UL)
GW: Abbreviation for galvanized wire.(UL)
GX: Combination of Tungsten and Tungsten-26% Rhenium. (UL)
G/Y: Short for GREEN/YELLOW. Standard color coding for Earth wire.
H: As the first letter : Harmonised. Indicates that a cable is a part of European Harmonised coding. See Harmonised coding
H: Flat cable , cores divisible
H: 75°C (Note: Lack of “H” indicates that cable is good up to 60°C). UL - General wiring
H: Heater cord. UL-Flexible Cord and cable
HH: 90°C N Nylon jacket. UL - General wiring
HH: 90°C insulation. UL-Fixture Wire marking
-H: Super Fine flexible conductor. Harmonised coding- Europe
H2: Cores undivisible. Harmonised coding- Europe
H6: Flat cable non-seperable for lifts. Harmonised coding- Europe
H8: Helical/ Spiral cable. Harmonised coding- Europe
Halogen: Members of group 17 in periodic table. Fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, and astatine.Halogens can be lethally toxic and dangereous. Since early 1990's most countries require use of plastic materials that do not emit toxic Halogen gases in case of fire. For example ;UL Plenum type cables and "Halogen Free" cables in European market.
HARD DRAWN: The conductor is work hardened in the drawing process. Hard drawn refers to the temper of conductors that are not annealed after drawing.1
Harmonised (coding):
Harmonised European standard cables, marked as
<HAR>, conform to a standard set out by CENELEC. Harmonised cables
have a single system of design to be used across Europe. There are
still national types that each country among Europe use. For example a cable
that is certified only in Germany would be certified and marked "VDE". A
harmonised cable that is produced in Germany but also certified for
all European markets would be certified and marked as " VDE <HAR>".
A sample harmonised coding scheme:
H05VV-F 3g2.5
H: Harmonised (replaced by "A" instead of " H " if it is a national
type )
05: Design voltage "05" means 300/500 V (whereas "01"
100 volts, "03" for 300/300 V ,"07" for
450/750 V )
V : Insulation material "V" as PVC
V: Sheathing material "V" as pvc
-F : Conductor type ( F: flexible in sample )
3 : Number of cores
g: Cable has one protective core that color coded yellow with green stripes (
replaced by "x" if there is no protective core)
2,5 : Nominal Cross section in square milimeters (mm2).
HARNESS: An arrangement of wires and cables, usually with many breakouts, which have been tied together or pulled into a rubber or plastic sheath, used to interconnect an electric circuit.1
HASH MARK STRIPE: A noncontinuous helical stripe applied to a conductor for identification.1
HD: Abbreviation for high density.
HDPE: High Density Polyethylene
HDXLPE: High Density Cross-linked Polyethylene
HEAT ENDURANCE: The time of heat aging that a material can withstand before failing a specific physical test.
HEAT SEAL: A method for sealing a tape-wrap jacket by thermal fusion.
HEAT SHOCK: A test to determine stability of a material by sudden exposure to a high temperature for a short period of time.
HEAT SHRINK: A material that shrinks when heated. Heat shrink tubing is used for insulation, sealing, and protecting wire connections, terminations, and splices.
HEAT SHRINK SPLICE: Same as Fusion Splice except the splice is protected within a heat shrink tube.
Helical Stripe: A continuous spiral stripe applied to the insulation of a conductor for the purpose of circuit identification.
HELIX: Something spiral in form; a coil formed by winding wire around a uniform tube; a curve traced on a cylinder or cone by the rotation of a point crossing its right sections at a constant oblique angle.
HENRY: The unit of measure of inductance. It is defined as the inductance of a circuit in which a counter electromotive force of one volt is generated when the current is changing at the rate of one ampere per second. Abbreviation "H".
Hertz: Hertz is unit of frequency. 1 hertz is equal to 1 cycle per second. Symbol: Hz.
HI-POT: A test designed to determine the highest potential that can be applied to a conductor without breaking through the insulation.
HF/LS/LT: Abbreviation for halogen-free, low smoke, low toxicity.
HF: Halogen Free. Any compound that does not emit toxic Halogen gases in case of fire.
HFFR: Halogen Free Flame Retardent
HM4: Halogen-free thermoplastic according to VDE
HOFR CSP: Abbreviation for Heat & Oil Resistant & Flame Retardant Chlorosulphonated Polyethylene.
Hz: Symbol of hertz
IACS: International Annealed Copper Standard
ICEA: Abbreviation for Insulated Cable Engineers Association, formerly IPCEA. Formed in 1925. A non-profit organization that produces technical standards for cable industry. Visit website
IEC: International Electrotechnical Commission
IEEE: Abbreviation for Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers. Formerly American Institute of Electrical Engineers (AIEE) and Institute of Radio Engineers (IRE). 1
IMP: Abbreviation for impedance.
IMPACT STRENGTH: Test for determining the mechanical punishment a cable can withstand without physical or electrical breakdown by impacting with a given weight, dropped a given distance, in a controlled environment. 1
IMPEDANCE: Impedance is the amount of resistance that a component offers to current flow in a circuit at a specific frequency. Measured in ohms . Symbol is "Z"
IMPREGNATED CABLE: A cable with paper insulation in which the insulating properties of the paper tapes are improved by impregnating them with an insulating compound, such as oil. 1
IMPULSE STRENGTH: The voltage breakdown of insulation under voltage surges on the order of microseconds in duration.1
INDUCTANCE: Tendency of an electric conductor, circuit or citcuit element that causes an electromotive force to be generated by a change in the current flowing. Measuring unit henry. Symbol " L".
INSERTION LOSS: In
telecommunications, insertion loss is the loss of signal power by
the insertion of a device in a transmission line or optical fiber. Measured
in decibels. Expressed in decibels (dB).
INSTABUS : Abbreviation for Installation
BUS. INSTABUS developed by Berker, Gira, Jung, Merten and Siemens AG.
INSTABUS is a decentralized communication protocol to manage and control
electrical components and devices within a facility or building.
INSULATION: That
portion which is relied upon in a cable to segregate and protect the
conductor from the other conductors, conducting parts, or from ground.
INSULATION LEVEL: The
impulse voltage breakdown of cables and equipment.
INSULATION RESISTANCE: The
resistance offered by an insulating material to the flow of current resulting from an impressed DC voltage.
INSULATOR: a)
A nonconducting substance such as porcelain, plastic, glass, rubber, etc; b)
a device made of such material used for separating or supporting conductors
to prevent undesired flow of electricity.1
INTERAXIAL SPACING: Center to center conductor spacing in paired wire; center to center spacing
between conductors in a flat cable.
INTERCOM WIRE: Wire used to connect communication instruments, telephones, telegraphs, etc
.
INTERLACED TAPES: Two or more tapes, generally of different composition, applied simultaneously in
such a manner that a portion of each tape overlays a portion of the other
tape.1
IPCEA: Abbreviation for Insulated Power Cable Engineers Association. Now ICEA. Visit website
IPE: Irradiated polyethylene tape.
IRON CONSTANTAN: A combination of metals used in thermocouple, thermocouple wires, and thermocouple lead wires. The iron wire is positive. The constantan is the negative wire.1
IRRADIATION: In insulations, the exposure of the material to high energy emissions for the purpose of favorably altering the molecular structure by crosslinking.1
ISA: Abbreviation for International Society of Automation. Founded in 1945 as Instrument Society of America. In 2008 changed its' name to International Society of Automation.
ISO: The International Organization for Standardization
ISO 9000: A standard and certification program for quality assurance.
ISO 9001: A standard and certification program for quality assurance. Where ISO9000 defines the quality assurance program and ISO9001 about implentation and improving quality management.
ISO 14001: Standard and certification system for Enviromental Management System.
-J: At the end of cable code indicates that cable has Fibreglass Braiding (Harmonised coding- Europe)
J-BOX: Abbreviation for junction box. A box for joining different runs of raceway or cable, plus space for connecting and branching the enclosed conductors.1
JACKET: Non-Metallic cover over cable core.
JAN-C-17A: Joint Army-Navy specifications covering coaxial cables used for high frequency applications in radio, television, radar, etc.
JAN-C-76A: Joint Army-Navy specifications covering radio hook-up wire. Types SRIR, SRHV, WL, and SRRF. Superseded by MIL-W-76.
JOULE: The unit of measure for energy or work. The international joule is equal to the work required to maintain a current of one ampere for one second in a resistance of one ohm.1
JUMPER: Usually a temporary connection. A short length of conductor to connect between terminals, across a break in a circuit, or around an instrument.
JUTE FILLER: Rope like strands of material used in cables for filling in the voids to form a rounded final cable shape.1
JX: Combination of Iron and Constantan metals ( UL )
-JZ: A cable that conductor has one Green/yellow insulated coreand all other cores are same color , number coded. (VDE)
Sample: LIYY-JZ 6x1,5 1(one) green/yellow core plus 5 (five) black insulated cores with consecutive numbers printed on core insulation.
K: Indication of Aromatic polyimide tape insulation. UL-Fixture Wire marking.
-K: At the end of cable print : Class 5 stranded fine copper wire conductor (fixed installation). Sample "H05VK" Harmonised coding- Europe
K: Cathode
kHz: Abbreviation for kilohertz.
KILO: A prefix to a unit, denoting a multiple of one thousand (1,000) of that unit. 1
KILOHERTZ: Unit of frequency. One thousand (1000) Hertz. in another word, one thousand (1,000) cycles per second. Abbreviation kHz.1
KILOVOLT: One thousand (1,000) volts. Abbreviation kV.
KILOVOLT AMPERE: One thousand (1,000) volts x amperes. Abbreviation kVA
KILOWATT: A unit of measure of power equal to one thousand (1,000) watts. Abbreviation kW.
km: Kilometer.
KOVAR: An alloy of iron, nickel, and cobalt. 1
kV: KiloVolt.
kVA: Abbreviation for kilovolt ampere .
kW: Abbreviation for kilowatt .
KX: Combination of Chromel and Alumel metals ( UL)
KYNAR®: Trademark of the Pennwalt Corporation for polyvinylidene fluoride.
L: Symbol for inductance.
LACQUER FINISH: A finish applied over braided wire or cable for appearance, for moisture proofing, to reduce friction, and resist abrasion.1 -UL
LAMINATES: A buildup of layers of material to increase thickness as in braid varnished cambric (VCB).1
LAN: Abbreviation for Local Area Network.
LATEX: Natural or synthetic rubber material used for insulation. Also given name for non-vulcanized rubber.
LAY-LENGTH: Also used as Lay-length. In stranding , it is the distance that a wire strand or cable core take along the axis of stranding while making a full turn around the axis. Usually determined by the standard in ratio to diameter of single strand. it is one important factor to the flexibility of final product.
lbs: Abbreviation for pounds. ( 1 pound equals to 454 grams).
LDPE: Abbreviation Low Density Polyethylene
LEACHING AND NON LEACHING: In a leaching wire, the plasticizer will migrate or leave the vinyl compound when exposed to the heat of baking. The wire so treated becomes brittle and hard. A non leaching wire will retain its plasticizer under extreme temperature conditions and remain flexible after baking. Non leaching wire is desirable for use as motor lead wire. 1
LEAD CURED: A cable that is cured or vulcanized in a metallic lead mold. 1
LEAD-IN: The cable that connects the active part of an aerial to the transmitter or receiver. 1
LEAKAGE: The passage of an electric current along a path other than that intended due to faulty insulation or isolation in a circuit, component, device, or other piece of apparatus. 1
LEVEL 1, 2, 3, 4, & 5: Underwriters Laboratories' performance designations for unshielded, twisted pair cables. See Category 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5. 1
LF: Symbol of low frequency.
Li- : Indication of Stranded flexible copper wire conductor. Originates from German word "litzendraht wire". ( VDE )
LINE VOLTAGE: The voltage existing in a cable or circuit.
LITZ WIRE: Name comes from german word "litzendraht wire" which means stranded/braided wire. It is a special wire consists of individually insulated thin wire strands braided or stranded together in a unique form to reduce resistance and skin effect at high frequency.
Lg: At the end of coding/marking. For Data transmission cables. Indicates cores are paired first then bundled to form a group. ( VDE )
LLDPE: Abbreviation of Linear Low Density Polyethylene. Also known as film grade PE. Base of many commercial XLPE that uses dry silane cross linking technology.
LOCAL AREA NETWORK: A local area Netwok (LAN) is a computer network that interconnects devices within a limited area. Ethernet and Wi-Fi are the two most common technologies in use for local area networks.
LONGITUDINAL SHIELD: A tape shield, flat or corrugated, applied longitudinally with the axis of the core being shielded.1
LOOP RESISTANCE: The total resistance of two conductors measured round-trip from one end. 1
LOSS FACTOR: The product of the dissipation and dielectric constant of an insulating material.1
LOW FREQUENCY: Frequency band between 300-30 KHz
LOW LOSS: A cable that has a small amount of power/signal loss when extended over long lengths.
LOW NOISE: A cable constructed in such a manner as to reduce to a minimum any signals generated by the motion of the cable components in respect to each other. Used to reduce the noise level in coaxial or microphone cable circuits. 1
LOW TENSION: Low voltage as applied to ignition cable.
LSOH: Low Smoke "0"(zero) Halogen
LSF0H: Low Smoke Fume Zero Halogen
LT: Abbreviation for low temperature non contaminating jacket, Type II.1 - UL
LV : Low Voltage ( cable )
LW: Abbreviation for light wall, 300 volt, electronic hook-up wires to MIL-W-761 -UL
M: Multi-wire
M-: Marine Cables in general
mA: Abbreviation for milliampere, one-thousandth (10-3) of an ampere.
MAG. OX: Abbreviation for magnesium oxide.1
MAGNET WIRE: Magnet wire a,lso known as enameled wire, is a fine copper or aluminium wire coated with a very thin layer of insulation. It is used in the construction of transformers, inductors, motors, generators, speakers etc. Early samples were all had vitreous enamel insulation as the name suggest. Now, Most of them tough polymer insulated.
MARKER TAPE: A tape laid parallel to the conductors under the sheath in a cable, imprinted with the manufacturer’s name and the specification to which the cable is made. 1
MARKER THREAD: A colored thread laid parallel and adjacent to the strand in an insulated conductor which identifies the manufacturer and sometimes the specification to which the wire is made.1
MATV: Abbreviation for Master Antenna TV.
Mbps: Abbreviation for megabits per second.
MC: Abbreviation for megacycle.
MCM: Abbreviation for thousands of circular mils.
MEDIUM FREQUENCY: Frequency band between 3 - 0.3 MHz.
MEGA: A prefix to a unit, denoting a multiple of one million (1,000,000) of that unit. 1
MEGAHERTZ: Unit of frequency. One million (1.000.000) Hertz. In another word, one million cycles per second. Abbreviation MHz.
MEGAWATT: One million (1,000,000) watts. Abbreviation MW.
MELAMINE: A thermosetting resin chemically known as melamine formaldehyde. It has excellent resistance to acids and alkalies and good resistance to water and solvents. Has high strength, high insulation resistance as compared to plastics. 1
MESA: Abbreviation for Mining Enforcement and Safety Administration. 1
Messenger Wire: The linear supporting member, usually a high strength steel wire, used as the supporting element of a suspended aerial cable. The messenger may be an integral part of the cable or exterior to it. 1
MF: Abbreviation for medium frequency.
Mfd: Abbreviation for microfarad.
MFT: Abbreviation for one thousand (1,000) feet.
MHD: Abbreviation for medium hard drawn copper wire. -UL
MHz: Abbreviation for megahertz
MI: Terminologic name for mineral insulated cable
MICA: Name of a group of sheet minerals with perfect cleavage. Used in cable production industry as barier due to its' high insulation resistance, high dielectric strength, and high heat resistance.
MICRO: A prefix to a unit, denoting a submultiple of one-millionth (10-6) of that unit.
MICROFARAD: Unit of capacitance. One-millionth (10-6) of a farad. Abbreviation µF or Mfd.
MICROMETER: Unit of length equal to one-millionth (10-6) of a meter, formerly called micron. Abbreviated "µm".
MICROSECOND: One-millionth (10-6 ) of a second .1
MIGRATION: The movement of the non resinous plasticizers in vinyl which takes place at elevated or lowered temperatures. The migrating plasticizer from the jacket will contaminate the polyethylene core of a coaxial cable and thus change its electrical characteristics. 1
MIL: Abbreviation for one-thousandth (10-3) of an inch (0.001").
MIL: A unit used in measuring the diameter of wire or thickness of insulation.
MIL: Abbreviation for military specification (mil-spec).
MIL-C: Military cable specification.
MILLI: A prefix to a unit, denoting a submultiple of one-thousandth (10-3) of that unit. Also Latin for "one thousand".
MILLIMETER: Unit of measure for linear distance. One millimeter equals one-thousandth (10-3) of a meter. Abbreviation mm.
MILLISECOND: One-thousandth (10-3) of a second. Abbreviation ms.
MIL-SPEC: Abbreviation for military specification.
MIL-STD: Abbreviation for military standard.
MIL-W: Abbreviation for Military wire specification.
MIN: Abbreviation for minimum.
Minimum Bending Radius: Minimum radius of curvature around which a cable could be bent without any harm or performance loss to cable.
MIP: Abbreviation for mylene irradiated polymer.
mm: Abbreviation for millimeter.
MMfd: Abbreviation for one-trillionth (10-12) of a farad. Commonly referred to as a picofarad1 (pF).
MODAL DISPERSION: Pulse spreading due to multiple light rays traveling different distances and speeds through a fiber.1
Modbus: Serial Communications protocol for connecting industrial electronic devices
MODE: A path of light through a fiber of a fiber optic cable.
MODE FIELD DIAMETER: In single-mode fiber, the region in which light propagates is larger than the glass core diameter. This mode field diameter is a measured value and often listed as a requirement with core diameter in fiber specifications.
MODES: Individual paths in optical waveguides. Single-mode fiber has only one mode, the fundamental mode, while multi-mode fiber has several hundred modes. The upper limit to the number of modes is determined by the core diameter of the waveguide.1
MODULUS OF ELASTICITY: The ratio of stress to strain in an elastic material.
MOISTURE RESISTANCE: Ability of a material to resist absorbing moisture from the air or when immersed in water.
MOLDED PLUG: A connector, male or female, molded on either end of a cord or cable.
MONOMER: The basic chemical unit used in building a polymer.
MP: Abbreviation for multipurpose cable. (UL)
MPA: Mega Pascal.
MPG: Abbreviation for multipurpose general purpose cable.1 ( UL )
MPP: Abbreviation for multipurpose plenum cable. 1 ( UL )
MPR: Abbreviation for multipurpose riser cable. 1 ( UL )
MSHA: Abbreviation for Mining Safety and Health Administration. 1
MT: Abbreviation for machine tool wire used for internal wiring of appliances or tools. Solid or stranded conductor. Thermoplastic insulations. 1 ( UL )
MTW: Abbreviation for machine tool wire, plastic insulated, 600 volt, varies 90° C to 105° C. 1 ( UL )
MULTI-CONDUCTOR: More than one conductor within a single cable complex.
Multi-core cable: Cable with two or more cores
MULTI-MODE FIBER: An optical fiber whose core diameter is large compared with the optical wavelength and thus can contain a large number of modes. 1
MULTIPLEX: Being or relating to a system of transmitting several messages/signals simultaneously on the same circuit or channel.1
mV: Symbol for millivolt, an SI unit of electromotive force equal to 10−3 volts.
MV: Medium Voltage ( cable )
MW: Symbol of megawatt, one million (106 ) watts.
MY: Abbreviation for MYLAR®
MYLAR®: Trade name for DuPont de Numerous Co. polyester material (polyethylene terephtalate) used in the form of a tape. A synthetic compound with high dielectric properties.
N: Chloroprene Rubber. Harmonised coding- Europe
N: Nylon jacket. UL-Fixture Wire marking
N: Symbol of NEWTON. See NEWTON
N: Abbreviation for Nichrome
NANO: Nano is a unit prefix. It means one-billionth (10-9) of that unit.
NANOMETER: A unit of length in metric system equals to one billionth (10-9) of a meter.
NANOSECOND: A unit of time equals to one billionth (10-9) of a second.
NBFU: Abbreviation for National Board of Fire Underwriters.
NBR: Nitrile butadiene rubber, oil-resistant synthetic rubber copolymer
NBS: Abbreviation for National Bureau of Standards. Former name of National Institute of Standards and Technology. NBS became National Institute of Standards and Technology in 1988.
NC: Abbreviation for nickel conductor.
NCC: Abbreviation for nickel-clad copper wire.
NCCCS: Abbreviation for nickel-covered copperclad steel wire.
NEC: Abbreviation for National Electric Code.
NEMA: Abbreviation for The Association of National Electrical Equipment and Medical Imaging Manufacturers . Visit website
NEOPRENE® : A synthetic rubber made by the polymerization of chloroprene and characterized by superior resistance (as to oils). Neoprene® is a trademark of the DuPont de Nemours Co. 1
NET LOSS: The difference between the attenuation and the gain in any circuit, device, network, or transmission line.1
NEUTRAL: Having no net positive or negative electric charge at earth potential. 1
NEWTON: The unit of force named after ISAAC NEWTON. One newton is the force needed to accelerate one kilogram of mass at the rate of one metre per second square in the direction of the applied force.tion of one meter per second per second. Symbol of Newton is "N".
NFPA: Abbreviation for National Fire Protection Association. Founded in 1896. visit website
NI: “Non-Integral,” used for parallel cords such as Type NISPT-1 to denote insulated conductors and jacket are separate. UL-Flexible cord and cable.1
NICKEL-CLAD COPPER WIRE: A wire with a layer of nickel on a copper core where the area of the nickel is approximately 30% of the conductor area. The nickel has been rolled and fused to the copper before drawing. It has a very high resistivity and can operate at extremely high temperatures. Abbreviated NCC. 1
NICROME®: Driver Harris Company’s trade name for an alloy of 60% nickel, 16% chromium, and the balance steel. Used exclusively in wire wound resistors and heating elements.1
NIST: Abbreviation for National Institute of Standards and Technology. visit website
nm: Symbol of nanometer.
NMC: Abbreviation for Naval Material Command.
NO. : Abbreviation for number.
NOM.: Abbreviation for nominal.
NOMEX®: DuPont de Nemours Co. trademark for a temperature resistant, flame-retardant nylon.
NON CONTAMINATING: Refers to a type of PVC jacketing material whose plasticizer will not migrate into the dielectric of a coaxial cable and thus avoids contaminating and destroying the dielectric.1
NONFERROUS: In metallurgy, a non-ferrous metal is a metal, including alloys, that does not contain iron (ferrite) in appreciable amounts.2
NON HYGROSCOPIC: Insulating material or a cable that does not absorb moisture.
NON MIGRATING: Refers to a type of PVC jacketing material whose plasticizer will not migrate into the dielectric of a coaxial cable and thus avoids contaminating and destroying the dielectric.1
NPC: Abbreviation for nickel-plated copper.
NPLF: Fire alarm cable non-power-limited signaling cable. ( UL )
NPLFP: Non power-limited fire protective signaling plenum cable. ( UL )
NPLFR: Non power-limited fire protective signaling riser cable. ( UL )
NRC: Abbreviation for Nuclear Regulatory Commission. Visit website
NX: Combination of Nickel-Chromium-Silicon or Nickel-Silicon-Magnesium. Thermocouple extension conductor.
NYLON: A group of polyamide polymers which are used for wire and cable jacketing. Mechanical and chemical protection 105° C. 1
O: Cable that is Oil resistant. Single “O” means jacket only is oil resistant. UL -Flexible cord and cable.
OO: Cable that is Oil resistant.double “O” means jacket and conductor insulation are oil resistant . UL -Flexible cord and cable.
-O: Cable without Protective conductor. Harmonised coding- Europe
O.D.: Overall diameter
OEM: Abbreviation for Original Equipment Manufacturer.
OFFGASSING: Percentage of a specified gas released during the combustion of an insulating or jacketing material.1
OFHC: Abbreviation for Oxygen-free high conductivity copper. Electrolytically refined to reduce the level of oxygen to 0.001% or below. It has minimum 100% IACS conductivity.
OHM: Unit of electrical resistance, named after Georg Simon Ohm. It is the electrical resistance between two points of a conductor when a constant potential difference of one volt, applied to these points, produces in the conductor a current of one ampere. Symbol Ω.
OHM-300 LEAD WIRE: From antenna to TV set connection wire. Common construction; 18awg/20awg ( 0,82 mm2) twin conductors insulated in flat siamese form.
OIL FILLED CABLE: Oil filled cable is defined as the cable in which low viscosity oil is kept under pressure either within the cable sheath itself or a containing pipe. The oil in the cable filled the voids in the oil impregnated paper under all conditions of varying loads. In the past, over the years mineral oils are used but recently alkylates (linear decyl benzene and branched nonyl benzene) become popular because of their low viscosity and their ability to absorb water vapours liberated during ageing of cellulose.3
OIL FILLED PIPE CABLE: A pipe type oil filled cable consists of three separate paper insulated screen cores installed in a steel pipe. The pipe is filled with insulation oil kept at a pressure of 1.38×106 to 1.725×106 N/M2. The high-pressure oil prevents the formation of voids. It also removes heat from the cable. In this type of cable, the conductor oil duct is not required.3
Oil Resistant ( cable): An oil resistant cable is that insulation and jacket materials resistant to petrochemicals or to a specific oil.
OPEN WIRE: Synonymous with overhead line. A conductor that is not surrounded by insulation and is supported separately above ground.
OPTICAL RECEIVER: Unit for converting optical signals into electrical signals.
OPTICAL TRANSMITTER: Unit for converting electrical signals into optical signals.
OSHA: Abbreviation for Occupational Safety and Health Act.
OUTGASSING: The dissipation of gas from a dielectric evidencing decomposition.
OVE: Certification and testin body for West Germany. Abbreviation for "Oesterreichischer Verband fur Elektrotechnik."
OVERCOAT: A stranded conductor. It made of tin-coated copper wire strands stranded together and then covered with overall tin coating.
OVERHEAD LINE: Synonymous with open wire. A conductor that is not surrounded by insulation and is supported separately above ground. 1
OVERLOAD: Any current load goes through an electric circuit, device or cable more than rated output.
OXIDIZE: Combining chemically with oxygen.To change (a compound) by increasing the proportion of the electronegative part or charge (an element or ion) from a lower to a higher positive valence; remove one or more electrons from an atom, ion, or molecule.
OXYGEN BOMB TEST: To determine aging effect, heat, tensile strength, and elongation of wire. The wire is placed in a bomb at 70° C, under 300 psi using pure oxygen gas for a period of 48 to 96 hours.
OXYGEN INDEX: Percentage of oxygen necessary to support combustion of a specified material.
OZONE: Also known as "trioxygen". It is an allotrope of oxygen that is much less stable than the diatomic allotrope O2, produced by discharge of electricity into air. Chemical symbol O3 .
-Ö : Oil Resistant (VDE0271).
P: Fluorinated ethylene propylene insulation. UL-Fixture Wire marking.
P: Parallel conductor cord. UL -Flexible cord and cable.
P: Steel wire protection. According to VDE
PA: Polyamid
PA 11: Polyamid 11
PA 12: Polyamide 12
PA 46: Polyamide 46
PA 66: Polyamide 66
PAI: Polyamide-Imide
PAIR: Two insulated wires of a single circuit associated together.
PAIRING: The union of two insulated single conductors through twisting.
PAN CURED: Method of vulcanizing. Coils of unvulcanized insulated wire are coiled in pans and vulcanized under pressure with live steam.1
PAP: A direct burial telephone cable with Copper wire conductors , PE core insulation, corrugated aluminum shield, PE jacket. Black jacket color. Various types available.
PAPER INSULATED: Insulation used for telephone cable, high voltage cable, and magnet wire. Has high dielectric strength; however, outdated since more comprehensive insulation materials avaiable.
PAR: Polyarylate
PARA: Polyarylamide
PARALLEL CABLE: Two insulated conductors in parallel in a cable.
PATCH CABLE: A power cable with plugs or terminals on each end of the conductor or conductors used to connect equipment. 1
PATCH CORD: Usually braid covered, with plugs or terminals on each end. Used to connect jacks or blocks in switchboards or analog programming systems. Called a patch cord because it is used to “patch” a circuit. 1
PBT: Polybutylene Terephthalate
PBX: Abbreviation for private branch exchange.
PC: Abbreviation for Polycarbonate
PCTFE: Polymonochlorotri- fluoroethylene
PE: Polyethylene, Also abbreviated as poly and pol.
PEAK VOLTAGE: The maximum voltage reached during an alternation of frequency.
PEEK: Polyetheretherketone
PEF: Abbreviation for polyethylene foam. Also abbreviated as PE Foam.
PE FC: Abbreviation for polyethylene flooding compound.
PEI: Polyetherimide
PE-III: Abbreviation for clear ( transparent) polyethylene.
PE-IIIA: Abbreviation for high molecular weight, black polyethylene, type IIIA, per MIL-C-17.
PEKK: Polyetherketoneketone
Percent Conductivity: Conductivity of a metal or alloy expressed as a percentage of that of copper.
PERFLUOROALKOXY: High temperature compound in the fluorocarbon family of dielectrics. Used at temperatures to 250° C. Abbreviation PFA. Also abbreviated as PFA-XII, per MIL-C-17.1
PESU: Polyethersulfone
PET: Polyethylene Terephtalate
PETG: Polyethylene Terephtalate Glycol
pF: Abbreviation for picofarad. See picofarad.
PFA: Polyetheretherketone Perfluoroalkoxy insulation. UL - General wiring
PFA-XIII : Abbreviation for perfluoroalkoxy resin. See perfluoroalkoxy.
PFPE: Physical Foam Polyethylene also known as Gas-Injected PE
PI: Polyimide
PIB: Abbreviation for polyisobutylene, type B, per MIL-C-17.
PICK: The distance between two adjacent crossover points of braid filaments. The measurement in picks per inch indicates the degree of coverage. 1
PICO: A prefix to a unit, denoting a submultiple of one-trillionth (10-12) of that unit.
PICOFARAD: A unit of measure for capacitance; one-trillionth (10-12) farads. Abbreviation pF.
Pig Tail: A short wire extending from an electric or electronic device to serve as a jumper or ground connection.
pimf: Short for "Pair(s) in metal foil". A cable that has metal foil wrapped around pairs.
Pipe Type Cable: Pressure cable. Pressure medium is a loose rigid metal pipe.1
Pitch: Reference to Stranding cable or cores. It is the lay length as the distance that a wire strand or cable core take along the axis of stranding while making a full turn around the axis.
Plasticizer: A plasticizer is used to soften plastics and to make it more flexible, to increase its plasticity, to decrease its viscosity, or to decrease friction-lubrication- during its handling in extrusion process. Most commonly used plasticizers are phthalate esters. Majority is used for PVC in cable production.
PLATED: Covered with an thin layer of another metal mechanically, chemically, or electrically.
Plenum: A building space where environmental air moves but wiring is also allowed.
PLENUM CABLE : Cable approved by Underwriters Laboratories for installation in plenums without the need for conduit. Generally the insulation and jackets are fluorocarbon based materials.
PLSJ: Rubber insulated, parallel-jacketed, two-conductor, light duty cord for pendent or portable use in damp locations. Rated 300V.
PLT: Thermoplastic insulated, parallel-jacketed, two-conductor, light duty cord for pendent or portable use in damp locations. Rated 300V.
PLTC: Abbreviation for parallel tray cable. 1
PMP: Polymethylpentene
P/N: Abbreviation for part number.
PNR: Control cable with Polyethylene or Nylon insulated conductors and polyvinyl chloride jacket.
PO: Rayon parallel lamp cord with a stranded copper conductor, separator, rubber insulation, cotton braid, rayon braid overall. Used in dry places on small appliances.1
POL: Short for for polyethylene. Also abbreviated PE and poly
POLY: Abbreviation for polyethylene.
POLYALKALENE: A polymer, typically polyethylene, made from alkene monomer. Primary insulation compound used in MIL-W-81044. 1
POLYAMIDE: A polymeric amide (nylon). Read more about Polyamid
POLYCHLOROPRENE: Polychloroprene rubber was one of the very first synthetic rubbers produced. It was a material of choice for exterior applications such as profiles used in vehicles, building seals, and cables. Used for jacketing wire and cable that will be subject to rough usage, moisture, oil, greases, solvents, and/or chemicals. May also be used as a low voltage insulating material. Neoprene® is a trademark of the DuPont de Nemours Co. 4
POLYESTER: Any of a group of polymers that consists basically of repeated units of an ester and are used especially in making fibers or plastics. More specifically, polyethylene tetephthalate which is used extensively in the production of a high strength moisture resistant film used as a cable core wrap.
POLYETHYLENE: A thermoplastic material, polymerized ethylene. They are basically pure hydrocarbon resins, often with small amounts of other additives to impart needed properties. All members of the polyethylene family are excellent dielectrics. Electrically they are far superior to any other extrudable dielectric in use today. Outstanding electrical properties include high insulation resistance, high dielectric strength, low dielectric constant, low dielectric loss at all frequencies, excellent resistance to cold flow, and good abrasion resistance. One or more members of the polyethylene family also have the following properties: Resistance to sunlight, weather, chemicals, and flame. Polyethylene is widely used for insulation on telephone, signal and control cables, high frequency electronic cables, high voltage and low voltage power cables, line wire, neutral supported secondary and service drop cables. They are suitable for direct earth burial. Temperature ratings vary with type and application from 75° C up. Abbreviation PE, POL, and POLY. 1
POLYIMIDE: A relatively high temperature plastic developed for use as a dielectric or jacketing material, Kapton®. Usually laminated to FEP and used as heat sealable tape. It does not burn and has high abrasion resistance. Kapton® is a trademark of the DuPont de Nemours Co. 17
POLYMER: A polymer is a substance or material consisting of very large molecules, or macromolecules, composed of many repeating subunits. Due to their broad spectrum of properties, both synthetic and natural polymers play essential and ubiquitous roles in everyday life.2
POLYOLEFIN: A polyolefin is a type of polymer produced from a simple olefin (also called an alkene with the general formula CnH2n) as a monomer. For example, polyethylene is the polyolefin produced by polymerizing the olefin ethylene. Polypropylene is another common polyolefin which is made from the olefin propylene.2
POLYPROPYLENE: Polypropylene is a mermber of polyolefin group. As an insulation material its properties similar to PE. Polypropylene is a commodity plastic second most used after PE. It has the lowest density among the commodity plastics. It is higher tensile strength than PE and heat resistance. Abbreviation "PP"
POLYSTYRENE: A rigid transparent thermoplastic of good physical and electrical insulating properties used especially in molded products, foams, and sheet materials. Abbreviation PS. 1
POLYSULFONE: Polysulfones are a family of high performance thermoplastics. These polymers
are known for their toughness and stability at high temperatures. Due
to the high cost of raw materials and processing, polysulfones are used in
specialty applications.
They can be used in the temperature range from -100 to +200 °C and are used
for electrical equipment, in vehicle construction and medical technology.
Abbreviation "PSU"
POLYTETRAFLUORO-ETHYLENE: This is modified ETFE, a copolymer of ethylene and tetrafluoroethylene. This is the most thermally stable and chemically resistant carbonaceous insulating compound. It is unaffected by sunlight, moisture, and practically all chemicals. Temperature range is -90° C to 250° C and electrical properties are very constant over the temperature range and a wide range of frequencies. This insulation may be applied by extrusion, taping, dip-coating, and in cases where other material is used, by dispersion coating. Both conventional and ribbon type wires and cables are made as well as magnet wire. This insulation material is used as dielectric, insulation, and extruded jackets. Abbreviation is PTFE. Most common trade name is Teflon®. Teflon® is a trademark of the DuPont de Nemours Co.1
POLYURETHANE: Polyurethane has excellent electrical insulating properties and used successfully in many wire and cable harness assemblies in automotive industry, and household appliances. It has outstanding resistance to oxygen, ozone, sunlight and general weather conditions as well.
Polyvinylchloride: Polyvinylchloride is the most common,by far, thermoplastic used in cable produciton. From the insulation of basic single wire household cable to high voltage power cables, PVC is used in almost every segment and niche in cable production. One major disadvantage of PVC that it emits Halogen gas in case of fire. Because of this , it had been replaced by halogen free compounds in tunnels and public building since mid 1990's. Known as PVC or Vinyl. Abbreviation PVC. Read more
POLYVINYLIDENE FLUORIDE: VF2 vinylidene fluoride resin is a crystalline, high molecular weight polymer of VF2 having high dielectric strength as well as abrasion resistant characteristics. This thermoplastic resin, a fluorocarbon, is characterized by good mechanical, electrical, and chemical properties. In primary insulation and in jackets for multi-conductor cables, it has a temperature range of -80° F to 300° F. This material can be extruded, applied as a film or solution, or by dispersion coating. This compound offers excellent resistance to abrasion and cut-through. Radiation cross-linking provides improved heat resistance. Abbreviation PVDF. Known as Kynar®. Kynar® is a trademark of the Pennwalt Corporation.1
POM: Polyoxymethylene
PORTABLE POWER CABLE: Extra flexible, all rubber insulated to allow hard usage. Some cables have additional protection of shielded conductors, metallic or nonmetallic, and can have Neoprene® sheath overall. Neoprene® is a trademark of the DuPont de Nemours Co.1
POTENTIAL DIFFERENCE: The difference in electric potential between two points, equal to the line integral of the electric field strength between points. If a charge is moved from one to the other of the points by any path, the work done is equal to the product of the potential difference per unit length.1
POTTING: The sealing of a cable termination or other component with a liquid which thermo-sets into an elastomer or solid compound to exclude moisture.
POWER CABLE: A cable of various sizes, various constructions, and insulations used to supply power to a variety of types of equipment.
POWER FACTOR: The ratio of resistance, R, to impedance, Z. The ratio of the actual power of an alternating current to apparent power. Mathematically, the cosine of the angle between the voltage applied and the current resulting.
POWER FREQUENCY: The frequency at which domestic and industrial mains electricity is supplied and distributed.
POWER LINE: See transmission line.
POWER RATING: AC voltage that can be applied between adjacent conductors.
POWER RATIO: The ratio of power appearing at the load to the input power. Expressed in db, it is equal to 10 log 10 (P1 /P2 ) where P1 is input power and P2 is the power at the load.
PP: Polypropylene
PPA: Polyphthalamide
PPE: Abbreviation for polypropylene ethylene.
PPS: Polyphenylene Sulfide
PPSU: Polyphenylene Sulfone
PRESSURE CABLE: Oil impregnated, paper insulated conductors. Lead or steel pipe outer covering, in which positive pressure is constantly maintained. Has higher dielectric strength, greater insulation stability, increased current-carrying capacity, and saves space.
PRIMARY INSULATION: The first layer of dielectric material applied over a current carrying conductor, whose prime function is to act as electrical insulation.
PRIMARY VOLTAGE: Initial or main voltage.
Profibus: Process Field Bus.
PROP.: Abbreviation for propagation.
PS: Polystyrene.
psi: Abbreviation for pounds per square inch.
PSU: Polysulfone.
PTFE: Abbreviation for polytetrafluoroethylene.
PU: Abbreviation for polyurethane. See polyurethane.
PULLING EYE: A device on the end of a cable to which a pulling line is attached for pulling the cable into a conduit or duct.
PULSE CABLE: Type of coaxial cable with or without a magnetic core constructed to transmit repeated high voltage pulses without degradation. Usually multi-shielded.
PULSE COMMUNICATIONS: Telecommunications involving the transmission of information by means of pulse modulation. Pulse communication is used in systems that operate by means of time-division multiplexing.
PUNCTURE VOLTAGE: The value of voltage that causes an insulator to be punctured when it is subjected to a gradually increasing voltage.
PUR: Polyurethane Rubber
PVC: Abbreviation for Polyvinylcholoride See polyvinylchloride.
PVC-I: Abbreviation for black polyvinylchloride, contaminating, type I, per MIL-C-17.
PVC-II: Abbreviation for gray polyvinylchloride, contaminating, type II, per MIL-C-17.
PVC-IIA: Abbreviation for black polyvinylchloride, contaminating, type IIA, per MIL-C-17.
PVC-IV: Abbreviation for black polyvinylchloride, contaminating, type IV, per MIL-C-17. PVC-105° C - Specially compounded high temperature polyvinylchloride.
PVD: Abbreviation for polyvinylidenefluoride, Kynar®. Also abbreviated PVDF. See polyvinylidenefluoride. Kynar® is a trademark of the Pennwalt Corporation.
PVDC: Polyvinylidene Chloride
PVDF: Abbreviation for polyvinylidenefluoride, Kynar®. Also abbreviated PVD. See polyvinylidenefluoride. Kynar® is a trademark of the Pennwalt Corporation.
Q: Polyurethane as sheathing material ( Harmonised coding- Europe )
QPL: Abbreviation for Qualified Products List. A list of Manufacturer's , Suppliers and their products that have been formally evaluated by the Qualifying Activity and found to be compliant to a specification.
QUAD: A group of cable cores that is assembly of 4 ( four ) cores stranded together. Also ,a four conductor cable.
-R: Class II stranded wire ( Harmonised coding- Europe )
R: Thermoset insulation. UL - General wiring and fixture wire marking
R: Abbreviation for Natural or synthetic rubber
R: Round wire armouring - VDE0271
RAM EXTRUDER: Ram extrusion is a pressing process that allows the continuous production of tube profiles. Specially made of UHMW-PE (ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene) and PTFE. A ram extruder is an extruder where, instead of conventional extrusion screw, a ram is used . The ram extruder was the earliest extruder to be used in the plastics industry. The ram extrusion process is very effective for specific materials like PTFE which are not extruded successfully using screw extruder.
RATED TEMPERATURE: The maximum temperature at which an electric component can operate for extended periods without loss of its basic properties.
RATED VOLTAGE : The maximum voltage at which an electric component can operate for extended periods without undue degradation or safety hazard.
re: Round solid wire according
to VDE.
Redraw: The drawing of wire which has already been drawn to an intermediate size,
through a series of dies, to reach a desired wire size.
REEL: A round, wheel-shaped object with 2(two) flanges used for winding wire and
cable. It can be used for storage or transit. It can be made of various
materials. Usually metal ones used within the production facilities while
wooden, cartoon and plastic reels used for delivery.
REFLECTION LOSS: The part of a signal which is lost due to reflection of power at a line
discontinuity.
REFLOW SOLDERING: The process of connecting two solder coated conductive surfaces by remelting of
the solder to cause fusion. 1
REFRACTIVE INDEX: The ratio of the speed of light in a vacuum to the speed of light in a material.
Also called Index of Refraction.
REFRACTION: The bending of a beam of light at an interface between two dissimilar media or
in a medium whose refractive index is a continuous function of position (graded
index medium).
REPEATER: A device that receives signals in one circuit and automatically delivers
corresponding signals to one or more other circuits, usually amplifying the
signal.
RESIN: A solid or semi-solid organic substance, originally of plant origin but largely
synthesized now. It may be clear, yellowish, or brown, ranging from transparent
to translucent; typically a nonconductor of electricity and soluble in organic
solvents but not in water. Consequently, resins are widely used in insulating,
potting, and encapsulating. Resins are broadly classified as thermoplastic or
thermosetting according to whether they soften or harden with the application of
heat.1
RESISTANCE: The tendency of a material to resist the passage of an electric current and to
convert electrical energy into heat energy. Symbol R. It is the ratio of the
applied potential difference across a conductor to the current flowing through
it (see Ohm’s law). If the current is an alternating current, the resistance,
measured in ohms, is the real part of electrical impedance, Z, given by the
formula:
RESISTANCE WIRE: Wire constructed from a material that has a high resistivity and low temperature
coefficient of resistance. It is used for accurate wire-wound resistors.
RESISTIVITY: An intrinsic property of a material equal to the resistance per unit length and
unit cross sectional area. Reciprocal of conductivity. The lower the resistivity
of a material the better conductor it is. Materials can be classified as
conductors, semiconductors, or insulators according to their resistivity.
Conductors have a resistivity of 10-6 to 10-8 ohms per meter, semi-conductors
have a resistivity of 10-6 to 10-7 ohms per meter, and insulators have a
resistivity of 10-7 to 10-23 ohms per meter. 1
RESPOOL: To rewind finished cable or wire from one spool to another for various purposes, such
as to verify lengths, inspect for defects, or to a specified packaging by
customer.
RETRACTILE CORD: A cord in which the insulation and/or jacket has been specially treated so that
it will return to its original contracted form from an extended condition.
RF:
Abbreviation for Radio Frequency
RF: Tinned copper conductors, rubber insulation, cotton braid saturated with
moisture resisting, flame-retarding compound, smoothly finished in white, black,
red, green, blue, and yellow for identification. The lubricated surface finish
of the wire permits easy pulling through conduits. (UL )
RF CONNECTOR: Connector used for connecting or terminating coaxial cable.
Also called "F-Type"
RFI: Abbreviation for radio frequency interference.
RG: Either "Radio Goverment" or "Radio Grade" - As Refers to Coaxial cable,and categorizing coaxial cable types
RG/U: Radio
Government / General Utility
RIBBON CABLE: A
flat cable with individually insulated conductors processed together in a
parallel position. Insulation color may be same for all cores , or each individual
conductor may be of a different color. Conductors may be either solid or
stranded.
RIDGE MARKER: One or more ridges running laterally along the outer surface of plastic wire
for purposes of identification.
RIGID COAXIAL CABLE: Non flexible coaxial cable, usually a metal tube armored coaxial cable.
RIGID WAVEGUIDE: A
type of coaxial cable. A metal form (usually an extrusion) using air as a
dielectric.
RIM Helix: Abbreviation for resin insulated magnet wire.
RIP CORD: A
parallel construction of two or more insulated conductors which may be
easily separated leaving the insulation of the conductors undisturbed.
RISER: A
UL designation for cable approved to go from one floor to another floor in a
multistory building.
rm: Round stranded wire
RMS: Abbreviation for Root Mean Square. It is a means of expressing AC voltage in
terms of DC. It is approximately 80% of AC peak voltage.
RoHS: RoHS is the acronym for Restriction of Hazardous Substances. RoHS, also
known as Directive 2002/95/EC, originated in the European Union and
restricts the use of specific hazardous materials found in electrical and
electronic products. All applicable products in the EU market after July 1,
2006 must pass RoHS compliance. For the complete directive, see Directive
2002/95/EC of the European Parliament. The substances banned under RoHS are
lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), cadmium (Cd), hexavalent chromium (CrVI),
polybrominated biphenyls (PBB) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE).
ROPE LAY STRAND: A conductor made of multiple groups of filaments. A 7 x 19 rope lay strand
has 19 wires laid into a group and then 7 such groups laid cabled into a
conductor.
RR: An all rubber nonmetallic underground cable suitable for direct burial in
the earth or in conduit. It has heat and moisture resistant insulation and
an outer Neoprene® jacket. Neoprene® is a trademark of the DuPont de Nemours
Co.
RUB: Abbreviation for rubber.
RX: Combination of Copper and any Alloy. ( UL )
S:
Abbreviation for Silicone Rubber. Harmonised coding- Europe
S: Extra hard usage Flexible Cord. UL -Flexible cord and cable marking
S: Heavy duty, rubber-insulated portable cord . Stranded copper conductors with
separator and individual rubber insulation. Two or more color coded
conductors cabled with filler wrapped with separator and rubber jacketed
overall. 600V. ( UL )
-S: Steel Braiding.
S/F/S: Triple extrusion. Skin of solid polyolefin ( common Polyethylene )
insulation + foam polyolefin+ Skin of solid polyolefin ( common Polyethylene
). Foam polyolefin does not stick to the conductor very well. First
layer underneath foam Polyolefin improves capacitance and impedance
values.
SA: Abbreviation for silver-covered any alloy wire.
SAN: Styrene Acrylonitrile.
SATV: Satellite Antennna Television.
SC: Abbreviation for silver-covered copper wire. Also abbreviated as SCC.
SCB: Abbreviation for silver-plated cadmium bronze wire.
SCBerC: Abbreviation for silver-plated berylliumcopper alloy wire.
SCC: Abbreviation for silver coated copper wire.
SCCA: Abbreviation for Silver-plated copper clad aluminium wire.
SCCad Br: Abbreviation for silver-plated cadmium bronze wire.
SCCAL: Abbreviation for silver-plated copper-clad
aluminum wire.
SCCS: Abbreviation for silver-plated copper-clad steel wire . Also abbreviated as
SCS.
SCHSCA: Silver-coated high strength copper alloy wire.
SCPE: Semi-conducting polyethylene.
SCS: Abbreviation for silver-covered copper-clad steel. Also abbreviated as SCCS.
SCW: Abbreviation for silver-plated Copperweld® conductor. Copperweld® is a
trademark of the Copperweld Steel Company.
SD: Abbreviation for soft drawn wire which means annelead wire.
se: Sector shape solid conductor
SECONDARY INSUL ATION: A high abrasion resistant dielectric insulation that is placed over primary
insulation to protect it from wear and abrasion.
SECTOR STRAND: Sector strand also known as sector shape
conductor. Purpose of sector shape is to get better proportioned final
structure and roundness. By using sector shaped wire; isolation,
jacket thickness and final diameter of finished cable is reduced. On
top of that , a cable that has sector shaped conductors does not need a
blind core. In sector stranding a group of wires stranded in triangular
shape. Same shape repeated for core insulation. Top angle of the
triangle depends on the number of cores in final product.
SEGMENTAL CONDUCTOR: Segmental conductors used for single core
cables. A stranded conductor consisting of three or more individually
sector shaped elements. Each stranded element is wrapped with paper tapes to
reduce resistance in AC circuits.
Z = R +iX
where i equals and X is the reactance. 1
SELF-EXTINGUISHING: The characteristic of a material whose flame is extinguished after the igniting flame is removed.
SELF-SUPPORTING AERIAL CABLE: A cable that is produced with a messenger wire that supports the weight of the cable from pole to pole.
SELF-SUPPORTING CABLE: Any assemblage of conductors which incorporates a steel rope or steel sheath for added tensile strength, thus enabling it to be suspended between widely spaced supports.
SEMI-CONDUCTING JACKET: A jacket having a sufficiently low resistance so that its outer surface can be kept at substantially ground potential.
SEMI-CONDUCTOR: Any of a class of solids whose electrical conductivity is between that of a conductor and that of an insulator in being nearly as great as that of a metal at high temperatures and nearly absent at Low temperatures.
Semi-Conducting Tape: A tape of such resistance that when applied between two elements of a cable, the adjacent surfaces of the two elements will maintain substantially the same potential.
SEMI-RIGID: Rigid to some degree or in some part.
SEMKO: Approval Agency for SWEDEN
SEPARATOR: Seperator could be placed in a cable for several reasons. There are 3 (three) common seperator applications are (a) between conductor and insulation (b) between cable core and jacket (c ) Between insulated cores or pairs as in Category 6 LAN cable.
SERVE OF A CABLE: A filament or group of filaments such as fibers or wires, wound around a central core.
SF: Fixture wire, silicone rubber insulated. Can be solid or stranded.
SHEATH: The combination of a metallic shield and an extruded plastic jacket applied as the outermost covering on a cable. In the absence of a shield, the extruded jacket may be designated as a sheath.5
SHF: Abbreviation for super high frequency.
SHIELD: In cables, a metallic layer placed around a conductor or group of conductors to prevent electrostatic or electromagnetic interference between the enclosed wires and external fields. 1
SHIELD COVERAGE (PERCENTAGE): The physical area of a cable that is actually covered by the shielding material and is expressed in percent.
SHIELDED CONDUCTOR: An insulated conductor which has been shielded by a copper braid or tape, aluminum foil, copper foil, or a semi-conductive vinyl. The purpose is to confine the electrical field.1
SHIELDED MULTI-CONDUCTOR CABLE: A cable with a multiplicity of conductors with a metallic or nonmetallic shield over the cable core.1
SHORTS: In Length, cable that is shorter than standard delivery length.
SIGNAL CABLE: A cable designed to carry current of usually less than one ampere per conductor to operate signal circuit devices.
SIGNAL-TO-NOISE RATIO: At any point in an electronic circuit, device, or transmission system, the ratio of one parameter of a desired signal to the same or corresponding parameter of the noise. In broadcast communication the signal-to-noise ratio is often quoted in decibels and the noise parameter taken as its root mean square value.1
SIL/DAC-VI: Abbreviation for Dacron braid over silicon rubber, Type VI, per MIL-C-17.1
SILICONE: A thermoplastic elastomer insulation with excellent heat resistance.
SILICONEIMPREGNATED: The complete saturation of insulating tapes or braids with a silicone varnish compound. The process may be performed under a vacuum. The compound serves as a heat and flameretardant as well as a binder.1
SINTERED: Produced by or subjected to sintering (the process of coalescing a powdered material into a solid or porous mass by means of heating without liquefaction).2
SKELETON BRAID: Widely separated braid of fiber, copper, or steel may be used to hold core together, for reinforcing jacket or for shielding. 1
SKIN EFFECT: Alternative current has tendency to travel only on the surface of a conductor as frequency increases.
SLEEVING: A braided,knitted ,woven tube or extruded tube used over wires or cores as insulation.
sm: Sector shape stranded conductor
SMA: Styrene Maleic Anhydride
SMMA: Styrene Methyl Methacrylate
SNCCS: Abbreviation for silver-plated nickel-covered copper-clad steel.
SOLDER: A metal or metallic alloy used when melted to join metallic surfaces.
SOLDERABLE NYLON LITZ: Litz wire made up of soldereze strands with a nylon serve overall.1
SOLDEREZE: Magnet wire insulated with polyurethane base enamel. 1
SOLID CONDUCTOR: A conductor composed of one wire.
SPACE FACTOR: Given values in coil winding for amount of space available.1
SPARK TEST: A test given to wire or cable to determine if there are defects in the insulation. A semi-destructive test, in that it will find weak spots in insulation by a spark breaking through thin spots or pinholes in the jacket when a high voltage potential from the conductor to an outside source is applied. Where these sparks emanate, the cable is cut, thus shortening the cable. This test should only be run once on a wire or cable. 1
SPC: Abbreviation for silver-plated copper.
SPECIFIC GRAVITY: The ratio of the weight of any volume of substance to a weight of an equal volume of some substance taken as a standard, usually water for liquids and hydrogen for gases.5
SPECIFIC INDUCTIVE CAPACITY: The factor by which the electric field strength in a vacuum exceeds that in the dielectric material for the same distribution of charge. It is also called as electric permittivity or simply permittivity. Symbol K.
SPHINCTER RING: A high ratio heat shrinkable strain relief grommet that can be placed over the cable assembly after the assembly is fabricated.1
SPIRAL SHIELD: A metallic shield of fine stranded wires applied spirally rather than braided.
SPIRAL WRAP: The helical wrap of a material over a core.
SPOOL: A round, wheel-shaped object with 2(two) flanges used for winding wire and cable. It can be used for storage or transit. It can be made of various materials such as plastic, paper, or metal.
SP SHIELD: Abbreviation for silver-plated shield.
sq.: Abbreviation for square.
SRL: Abbreviation for structural return loss.
SRML: Abbreviation for silicone rubber motor lead cable.
SRP: Self-reinforced Polyphenylene
SS: Abbreviation for stainless steel.
SSPE: Abbreviation for semi-solid polyethylene.
SS Poly: Abbreviation for semi-solid polyethylene.
SSPS: Abbreviation for semi-solid polystyrene.
SSTFE: Abbreviation for semi-solid tetrafluorethylene.
st: Static screen ( common use -(st)-) sample : LiY(st)Y. According to VDE .
ST: ST stands for Service cord Thermoplastic insulation( most common PVC ) . ST cable (cord) is used in heavy tools, equipment, portable lights, and power extensions. Approved for outdoor use. Flexible stranded copper wire conductors according to ASTM B-174. Cores are PVC insulated and PVC jacket. Maximum operating temperature 1050C. Rated 600V .
STABILITY FACTOR: The difference between the percentage power factor at 80 volts/mil and at 40 volts/mil measured on wire immersed in water at 75° C for a specific time.
STANDING WAVE RATIO: In a transmission line, waveguide or analogous system, a figure of merit used to express the efficiency of the system in transmitting power. Abbreviated as SWR.
STP: Shielded Twisted Pair ( ref. LAN CABLES)
STRAND: A single uninsulated wire or one of the wires in a multi-stranded conductor.
STRANDED CONDUCTOR: A conductor composed of individual groups of wires twisted together to form an entire unit.5
STRENGTH MEMBER: Included in a cable configuration for purposes of adding tensile strength only. Does not conduct any power or signal.1
STRIP INSULATIONS: Strip process insulation consists of one or more longitudinal strips of unvulcanized thermosetting material folded around a conductor and vulcanized after application.1
SUBMARINE CABLE: Cable that is used underwater for power or communication.
SUGGESTED WORKING VOLTAGE: AC voltage that can be applied between adjacent conductors.
SUPER HIGH FREQUENCY: Frequency between 3-30 GHZ. ITU (International Telecommunication Union) band number 10. Abbreviated SHF. Used in microwave devices, wireless LAN, DSRC, most modern radars, communications satellites, cable and satellite television broadcasting, satellite radio
SWA: Steel Wire Armouring
SWEEP TEST: A method to determine the frequency response of a cable by generating an RF voltage whose frequency is varied at a rapid constant rate over a given range. A test commonly made on coaxial cables.1
SWEPT COAX: Coaxial cable which has been checked by the sweep test and certified by the manufacturer.1
SWG: Standard Wire Gauge (also known as British wire gauge)
SWITCHBOARD WIRE: High temperature insulated wire such as TA or AVB, used to wire switchboards and control apparatus. It is heat, flame, and corrosive vapor resistant. 1
SX: Combination of Copper and any Alloy (UL)
SYN. RUB.: Abbreviation for synthetic conductive rubber.1
SYNTH: Abbreviation for synthetic1
T: As the first letter — Tinsel cord. Single flattened 27 AWG conductor wound around insulating core, for very low current, highly flexible application. UL -Flexible cord and cable marking.
T: As first letter in cable marking - Thermoplastic insulation. UL-General wiring and fixture wire marking
T: After the first letter — Thermoplastic insulation and jacket. UL -Flexible cord and cable marking.
-T: Textile Braiding (Harmonised coding- Europe)
TA: UL designation for switchboard wire insulated with thermoplastic and a high temperature barrier. ( UL )
TAGT: Stranded nickel-clad copper conductor insulated with fused PTFE tape, high temperature barrier, and PTFE impregnated glass braid. 600 volt, 250° C rating.1(UL)
Take-Up: Take-up unit as a part of an extrusion, drawing or twisting line. The process of accumulating wire or cable onto a reel, bobbin, or some other type of pack.
TANK TEST: A voltage dielectric test in which the test sample is submerged in water and voltage is applied between the conductor and water as ground. 1
TC: Abbreviation for tin coated copper wire.
TC: Type TC power and control tray cable. ( UL )
TCCS: Abbreviation for tinned copper-clad steel.
TCW: Abbreviation for tinned Copperweld®. Copperweld® is a trademark of the Copperweld Steel Company.
TELEMETRY CABLE: Cable used for the transmission of information from instruments to the peripheral recording equipment.
TELEPHONE WIRE: This is a general term referring to many different types of communication wire. It refers to a class of wires and cables rather than a specific type.1
TELLURIUM CURE: A curing process similar to selenium cure, except a different element is used.1
TEMPERATURE COEFFICIENT OF RESISTANCE: The resistance-change factor per degree Celsius of temperature change is called the temperature coefficient of resistance. This factor is represented by the Greek lower-case letter “alpha” (α). A positive coefficient for a material means that its resistance increases with an increase in temperature.
TEMPERATURE RATING: The maximum temperature at which an insulating material may be used in continuous operation without loss of its basic properties.
TENSILE STRENGTH: The pull stress required to break a given specimen. Measured in pounds per square inch. Also referred to as Ultimate Tensile Strength.5
TEST REPORTS: The permanent records made by a wire manufacturer of the tests performed on a batch of wire to a specification.
TETRAFLUOROETHYLENE: A fluorocarbon resin. Abbreviation TFE.
TEW: Nomenclature for appliance wire by Canadian Standards Association (CSA), plastic insulated, solid or stranded conductor, 600 volt.1
TEXTILE BRAID: Any braid made from threads of cotton, silk, or synthetic fibers.
TF: UL designation for fixture wire, solid copper wire conductor, insulated with premimum grade thermoplastic.
TFE: Polytetrafluoroethylene. UL- General wiring
TFF: UL designation for fixture wire, stranded flexible copper wire conductor, insulated with premimum grade thermoplastic.
TG: The UL designation for PTFE tape with overall glass braid, stranded nickel-clad copper conductor.
TGGT: TGGT stands for Teflon/ Glass/Glass/ Teflon. Conductor: Flexible stranded Nickel coated copper wire. TGGT Wire is may be used for in both industrial and commercial ovens and other cooking and drying equipment. It can also be used in commercial and industrial drying equipment. In damp and dry locations resistant to severe temperature environments. Rated 600V. Temperature rating is 250oC. ( UL )
THERMAL RATING: The maximum and/or minimum temperature at which a material will perform its function without undue degradation.
THERMAL RESISTANCE: The resistance of a substance to conductivity of heat.
THERMAL SHOCK: A test to determine the ability of a material to withstand heat and cold by subjecting it to rapid and wide changes in temperature.
THERMOCOUPLE: A union of dissimilar metals in which a voltage is generated due to a change in temperature.
THERMOCOUPLE EXTENSION: Same as thermocouple lead wire.
THERMOCOUPLE LEAD WIRE: An insulated pair of wires used from the couple to a junction box.
THERMOCOUPLE WIRE: Wire drawn from special metals or alloys and calibrated to established specifications such as for the U.S. Bureau of Standards or Instruments Society of American standards. 1
THERMOPLASTIC: A Plastic polymer material which becomes soft by heating and soldifies upon cooling. It can be molded or shaped in softened state. Process can be repeated. PVC, PE and PP are samples of thermoplastic materials.
THERMOSET: A material which hardens or sets when heat is applied, and which, once set, cannot be re-softened by heating. The application of heat is called “curing”.1
THERMOSTAT WIRE: Single or multi-conductor wire, bare soft solid copper conductor, usually PVC insulated. May be twisted and/or jacketed. May have enameled or nylon covered conductors and may have a metal armor covering. May also have a high temperature barrier insulation. It is used to transmit electrical signals between the thermostat and the heating or cooling unit. 1
THINNET: Thin coaxial cable used for 10Base2 installations of Ethernet networking. Thinnet cable is RG58 type coaxial cable that has 50 ohms impedance value.
TIA: Telecommunications Industry Association
TINNED COPPER: Tin coated copper wire conductor. Abbreviated as TC.
TINSEL CORD: Extra flexible cord made with tinsel conductors to give the ultimate in flexibility. Used mostly in the communications field on headsets, handsets, and anywhere that repeated flexibility is necessary. 1
TINSEL WIRE: A low voltage, stranded wire where each strand is a very thin conductor ribbon spirally wrapped around a textile yarn. Insulation is generally a textile braid. Intended usage is for severe flexing.5
TOKEN RING: Token Ring is a computer networking technology used to build local area networks. It uses a special three-byte frame called a token that travels around a logical ring of workstations or servers.2
TOPCOAT: Bare (untinned) copper wire, stranded, then coated with pure tin.
T.O.T.M: Trioctyl Trimellitate, plasticizer resistant to heat
TPDDI: Abbreviation for twisted pair distributed data interface.
TPE: Abbreviation for Thermoplastic elastomer
TSE: Turkish Standard Institute
TP: Abbreviation for Twisted pair
TP-PMD: Abbreviation for twisted pair physical medium dependent.
TPU: Thermoplastic Polyurethane for insulation and sheathing.
TR: Abbreviation for (certified) test reports.
TRACER STRIPE: When color coding cores or bundles in a cable construcion, more than one stripe may be needed. In this case , first or widest stripe is called the base stripe , the others, called tracer stripes.
TRANSMISSION LINE: Synonymous with power line. A signal-carrying circuit with controlled electrical characteristics used to transmit high-frequency or narrow-pulse signals.
TRAP WIRE: A low voltage wire used at hinge points, where severe flexing occurs, usually in burglar alarm systems. It is made with tinsel conductor to withstand the repeated flexing. 1
TRAY: A cable tray is a unit or assembly of units or sections and associated fittings, made of noncombustible materials forming a rigid structural system used to support cables.5
TRAY CABLE: A factory assembled multi-conductor control, signal, and power cable specifically approved under the National Electrical Code and/or the Canadian Electrical Code for installation in trays.
TRIAD: A group of three insulated conductors twisted together with or without a sheath overall. Usually color coded for identification. Also called a triplex.1
TRIAXIAL: A cable construction having three coincident axes, such as conductor, first shield and second shield, all insulated from one another.5
TRIPLEX: A group of three insulated conductors twisted and/or sheathed or held together mechanically. Usually color coded or ridge marked. Also called triad.
Tri-rated: Tri-rated cable. Flexible single core cable also known as BS6231. Replaced by Harmonised coding see H05V2-K/H07V2-K (BS)
TUBING: A tube of extruded non supporting plastic or metallic material.
TW: The UL designation for thermoplastic insulated wire for use in conduit, underground, and wet locations. It is a common building wire having a bare soft copper conductor, which may be either solid or stranded.
TWINAX: A shielded coaxial cable with two central conductors. Also called twinaxial.
TWINAXIAL: A shielded coaxial cable with two central conductors. Also called twinax.
TWIN CABLE: A pair of insulated conductors of 8 AWG or larger, twisted or laid parallel and/or sheathed or held together mechanically under a common covering.
TWIN WIRE: A pair of insulated conductors of 9 AWG or smaller, twisted or bonded together and not identifiable from each other.
TWISTED PAIR: Two insulated conductors twisted together without a common covering
TX: Combination of Copper and Constantan metals ( UL )
U: Cable that is suitable for Underground use. UL-General wiring
-U: Solid Conductor
UF: Underground feeder cable. Soft stranded copper wire conductor with PVC insulation and Nylon cover. ( UL )
UG: The two letter designation that proceeds the number on connectors for coaxial cable. It means Universal Government. 1 ( UL )
UHF: Abbreviation for ultra high frequency
UHMWPE: Ultra High Molecular Weight Polyethylene
UL: Underwriters Laboratories, standard and certification body.
UL APPROVED: A product that has been tested and approved to Underwriters Laboratories standards.
ULTRA HIGH FREQUENCY: Frequency between 300 MHz – 3 GHz and wavelength between 1 m – 10 cm.
UNBALANCED CIRCUIT: A transmission line in which voltage on the two conductors are unequal with respect to ground
UNILAY CONDUCTOR: A conductor constructed with a central core surrounded by more than one layer of helically-laid wires, with all layers having a common length and direction of lay.5
UNSINTERED: Means uncured. This word is usually used to differentiate between cured and uncured PTFE tape where sintered means cured.
UNSWEEPT: Coaxial cable that has not had a sweep test
USASI : Abbreviation for United States of America Standards Institute. In 1969, USASI reorganized in to the ANSI.
USE: Neoprene® jacketed underground service entrance cable. Neoprene® is a trademark of the DuPont de Nemours Co.
UTP: Unshielded Twisted Pair
UV: Abbreviation for ultraviolet light.
V: Stainless Steel Braiding according to VDE.
V: Abbreviation for voltage.
V: Symbol of PVC insulation. Harmonised coding- Europe.
V2: PVC (+90 celcius). Harmonised coding- Europe.
V3: PVC cold resistant. Harmonised coding- Europe.
V5: PVC with enhanced oil resistance. Harmonised coding- Europe.
VA: Abbreviation for volt-ampere.
VDE: Verband Deutscher Elektroingenieure- Germany.
VEL.: Abbreviation for Velocity.
VELOCITY OF PROPAGATION: The speed of an electrical signal down a length of cable compared to speed in free space expressed as a percent. It is the reciprocal of the square root of the dielectric constant of the cable insulation.5
VERTICAL RISER CABLE: Steel wire armored power cable for vertical runs in a building. 1
VERY HIGH FREQUENCY: Frequency band between 30–300 MHz. Abbreviation VHF
VERY LOW FREQUENCY: Frequency band between 3–30 kHz. Abbreviation VLF.
VHF: Abbreviation for very high frequency.
VIDEO PAIR CABLE: A transmission cable containing low loss pairs with an impedance of 125 ohms. Used for TV pick ups, closed circuit TV, telephone carrier circuits, etc.
VLF: Abbreviation for very low frequency.
VOLT: Unit of electromotive force. One volt is the amount of pressure that will cause one ampere of current to flow through one ohm resistance. Abbreviation V.
VOLTAGE: The term most often used in place of electromotive force, potential, potential difference, or voltage drop to designate the electric pressure that exists between two points and is capable of producing a current when a close circuit is connected between two points.
VOLTAGE BREAKDOWN: A test to determine maximum voltage of insulated wire before electrical current leakage through insulation occurs.
VOLTAGE RATING: The highest voltage which may be applied to a wire or cable for continuous service. It is determinded by applied standards or specifications. It is printed on cable and lables.
VOLUME RESISTIVITY: The electrical resistance between opposite faces of a 1 (one) centimeter cube of insulating material, commonly expressed in ohms-centimeter.
VSWR: Abbreviation for Voltage Standing Wave Ratio.
VW-1: UL Vertical flame test for wire and cable. Formerly known as FR-1.
W: Indicates that cable is moisture resistant. UL-General wiring
W: As the Last letter — Suitable for use in wet locations and sunlight resistant.UL -Flexible cord and cable marking.
W: As the only letter — Portable Power Cable. According to UL -Flexible cord and cable marking.
W: Abbreviation for watt.
-W: Resisstant to heat and corrosion. According to VDE0271.
WALL THICKNESS: Refers to insulation thickness over conductor or jacket thickness that has been applied.
WATER ABSORPTION: A test to determine the water absorbed by a material after a given immersion time. It is given as the ratio of the weight or water absorbed by a material to the weight of the dry material.
WATER BLOCKED CABLE: A multi-conductor cable allows no longitudinal water flow through. Tested is done under water pressure.
WATT: The unit of measure of electric power. One watt is equivalent to the power represented by one ampere of current under a pressure of one volt in a DC circuit. Abbreviation W.
WAVEGUIDE: A transmission line that consists of a suitably shaped hollow conductor, which may be filled with a dielectric material, and that is used to guide ultrahigh frequency electromagnetic waves propagated along its length. The most common shapes of waveguide are rectangular and cylindrical; the most common dielectric is air. A cylindrical waveguide is sometimes known as a wave duct; one that contains a solid rod of dielectric is a uniconductor waveguide. If a wide range of frequencies is to be transmitted, a ridged waveguide may be used. The presence of the ridges extends the possible range of frequencies that may be propagated in a particular transmission mode but the transmission is greater than in the equivalent rectangular waveguide.1
WAVELENGTH: The distance, measured in the direction of propagation, of a repetitive electrical pulse or waveform between two successive points.
WICKING: The longitudinal flow of a liquid in a wire or multi -conductor cable due to capillary action.
WIRE: A slender rod or filament of drawn metal. The term is a generally used one, which may refer to any single conductor. If larger than 9 AWG or multiple conductors, it is usually referred to as a cable. 1
WIRE BRAID: Flexible wire constructed of small size strands woven together in tubular form. Used for shielding or connections where constant flexing is required.
WIRE GAUGE: The American Wire Gauge, originally called Brown & Sharpe Gauge. A system of numerical wire sizes starting with the lowest numbers for the largest sizes. Gauge sizes are each 20.6% apart based on cross sectional area. Abbreviation AWG.1
WOLLASTON WIRE: Extremely fine platinum wire that is used for electroscope wires, micro fuses, and hot-wire instruments. It is produced by coating platinum wire with a sheath of silver, drawing them together into a relatively fine uniform diameter wire, and then dissolving the silver with a suitable acid. Diameters to about one micrometer may be produced by this method.1
WOVEN CABLES: A method of producing a flat or ribbon type cable by holding the conductors together with thread as a result of a weaving process.1
WRAPPER: An insulating barrier applied as a sheet or tape wrapped around a coil periphery
X: Cross-linked polymer insulation. UL-General wiring and UL-Fixture Wire marking
X: Cable that has no protective conductor (3 x 2,5)
X: Symbol for reactance.
X-100: Symbol of Fluorinated ethylene propylene insulation ( UL )
XETFE: Abbreviation for cross-linked extruded, modified ethylene tetrafluoroethylene copolymer.
X GUIDE: A transmission line that is used for the propagation of surface waves and consists of a length of dielectric material with a X-shaped cross section.
XL : Abbreviation for cross-linked insulation.
XLAP: Abbreviation for cross-linked extruded alkane-imide polymer.
XLETFE: Abbreviation for cross-linked ethylene tetrafluoroethylene copolymer.
XLP : Abbreviation for cross-linked polyethylene.
XLPA: Abbreviation for cross-linked extruded polyalkene.
XLPE: Cross Linked Polyethylene
XL POLYOLEFIN: Abbreviation for Cross-linked polyolefin.
XLPVF: Abbreviation for cross-linked extruded polyvinylidene fluoride.
XTW: Parallel cord for decorative lighting strings. UL -Flexible cord and cable marking.
Y: Polyvinylchloride (PVC) as sheathing material- VDE0271
YK: Cold resistant PVC insulation - VDE
YOE: Oil Resistant PVC according to VDE
YW: Heat Resistant PVC according to VDE
Z: Symbol for impedance.
Z: Modified ethylene tetrafluoroethylene insulation UL-General wiring
Z: Halogen free insulation. Maximum working temperature 900C-Harmonised coding- Europe
Z1: Halogen free insulation. Maximum working temperature 700C -Harmonised coding- Europe
ZIP CORD: Parallel cable that can be easily separated into two pieaces by pulling apart.
11Y: Symbol that indicates TPU insulated cable. According to VDE
12Y: Symbol that indicates TPE insulated cable.According to VDE
2S: Abbreviation for silver-plated copper double shield. ( UL )
2SC: Abbreviation for two silver-plated copper shields. ( UL )
2TC: Abbreviation for tin coated copper double shield. ( UL )
2Y: Symbol that indicates Polyethylene ( PE ) insulation VDE0271.
2X: Symbol that indicates Cross Linked PE insulation VDE0271
3TC: Abbreviation for tin coated copper triplex shield.
4TC: Abbreviation for tin coated copper quadrople shield.